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Organ Systems III > Auditory System > Flashcards

Auditory System Flashcards

1
Q

Major parts of the auricle composed of this

A

Elastic cartilage, sebaceous glands

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2
Q

Regions of auricle

A

Helix/ antihelix, tragus/antitragus, concha/lobue

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3
Q

What are the ceruminous glands?

A

Found in the external acoustic meatus. Aprocrine-type gland.

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4
Q

What is ear wax?

A

Mixture of cerumen, sebaceous gland secretio, and desquamated meatal cells

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5
Q

Innervation of the tympanic cavity

A

x

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6
Q

What are the ceruminous glands?

A

Found in the external acoustic meatus. Aprocrine-type gland. Not to be confused with sebaceous glands- these are associated with the vellus hairs

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7
Q

Innervation of the middle ear

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

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8
Q

Innervation of eterna ear and external acoustic meatus

A

3- Greater auricular, lesser occipital, auriculotemporal- part of temperomandibular (V3)

Facial (VIII), Vagus (X)

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9
Q

Innervation of the middle ear (tympanic cavity)

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

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10
Q

Difference in pressure between eustatian tube and external meatus may be relieved by this action

A

swallowing- opens eustatian tube to the pharynx

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11
Q

What muscles open the eustatian tube via the tubal cartilage

A

Levator palati, Tensor palati, salpingopharyngeus

  • air gets to enter the inner ear
  • they also pull up the soft palate
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12
Q

Function of ossicles

A

Amplify sound from vibrations of the tympanic membrane

-Malleus, Incus, Stapes: decrease in surface area

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13
Q

Tensor tympani muscle function

A

Dampens ossicle movement- low frequency

Sits in eustatian tube and meets up to the handle of the malleus

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14
Q

Stapedius muscle function

A

Attaches stapes- pulls on stapes when there is extreme vibrations

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15
Q

Chorda tympani- how, where it moves, what source

A

Goes through temporal bone. Branches from facial nerve (VII) and joins V3

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16
Q

Tensor tympani is innervated by

A

V3

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17
Q

Stapedius is innervated by

A

VII- facial

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18
Q

Function of chorda tympani

A

Sensory- taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

Parasympathetic- submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

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19
Q

Chorda tympani- how, where it moves, what source

A

Goes through temporal bone- passes by tympanic membrane, and leaves bone to meet with lingual nerve. Branches from facial nerve (VII) and joins V3

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20
Q

Function of chorda tympani

A

Sensory- taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

Parasympathetic- submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

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21
Q

Otitis media

A

infection affecting chorda tympani, ossicles, tympanic membrane

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22
Q

Otitis media symptoms

A

Decreased taste and decreased salivation

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23
Q

Otitis media

A

infection of middle ear affecting chorda tympani, ossicles, tympanic membrane
Negative pressure pulls tympanic membrane into the tympanic cavity

24
Q

Tegmen tympani

A

When otitis media infection perforates tympanic membrane- results in meningitis or brain abscess

25
Q

Otitis media symptoms

A

Decreased taste and decreased salivation.

Pain by negative pressure moving membrane in (V3)

26
Q

Tegmen tympani

A

When otitis media infection perforates tympanic membrane- results in meningitis or brain abscess. This is the area that connects the middle ear to the meninges.

27
Q

Spaces in cochlea

A

Scala tympani, cochlear duct, scala vestibuli

28
Q

Cholesteatoma

A

Perforation in the tympanic membrane- permits entry of skin cysts. This damages the middle ear and mastoid (can cause eruptions of the air cells in this part of the skull). Cllot of dead cells and sebum

29
Q

Cochlea is composed of these spaces

A

Cochlear duct- scala tympani (media), cochlear duct, scala vestibuli

30
Q

Perilymph vs Endolymph

A

Perilymph- same as CSF. A filtrate of blood. High K+
Endolymph- fluid inside cochlear duct made by stria vascularis. High Na+
There is a change of electrical potential between the 2 fluids

31
Q

Perilymph vs Endolymph

A

Perilymph- same as CSF. A filtrate of blood. High K+
Endolymph- fluid inside cochlear duct made by stria vascularis. High Na+
There is a change of electrical potential between the 2 fluids

32
Q

This medium stimulates receptor cells

A

Fluid in cochlea

33
Q

Order of sound conductance

A

Ear drum-> malleus, incus, stapes-> oval window-> perilymph of scala vestibuli-> perilymph of scala tympani-> Round window

34
Q

Order of sound conductance

A

Ear drum -> malleus, incus, stapes -> oval window- > perilymph of scala vestibuli -> perilymph of scala tympani -> Round window -> auditory tube

35
Q

Organ of corti cell types, location, tectorial membrane

A

Basilar membrane, tectorial membrane, receptor hair cells, sensory neurons

36
Q

Tectorial membrane location

A

Between Organ of Corti and Endolymph containing portion of cochlear duct

37
Q

Ear ringing caused by

A

Malleus tensing tightly to protect ear from heavy vibration. When moved away from low-frequency (dangerous) sounds, you can only hear high and mid frequency since the contraction is still happening

38
Q

Ear ringing caused by

A

Malleus tensing tightly to protect ear from heavy vibration. When moved away from low-frequency (dangerous) sounds, you can only hear high and mid frequency since the contraction is still happening

39
Q

This membrane protects receptor cells of organ of corti

A

Tectorial membrane

40
Q

Stereocilia are these and are located here

A

Microvilli “hair” cells that are located on the basilar membrane and contact the tectorial membrane

41
Q

Sensory nerve of organ of corti

A

VIII- vestibulocochlear

42
Q

How the cochlea encodes sound frequencies

A

Hair cells move in response to sheer forces on tectorial membrane. This depolarizes receptor cells –> K+ channels open (Endolymph). This releases vesicles to the afferent nerve

43
Q

Sound waves vibrate the full length of this

A

Basilar membrane

44
Q

Tonotopy is the frequency of sound coded by difference of this

A

Basilar membrane as it widens and ascends- produces complex sound waves

45
Q

Resonance frequency

A

The frequency at which the membrane vibrates best

46
Q

Inner hair cells transmit sound info to

A

CNS

47
Q

Inner cells respond to movements from this membrane

A

Basilar membrane

48
Q

Signal is transmitted to this part of the brain

A

Medulla- via the cochlear nuclei

49
Q

Signal is transmitted to this part of the brain

A

Medulla- via the cochlear nuclei

50
Q

Outer hair cells function as this

A

Mechanical amplifiers

51
Q

Prestin does this

A

Moves outer hair cells by the movement of the basilar membrane

52
Q

Hearing loss is mainly due to the destruction of this

A

The outer hair cells

53
Q

Conductive deafness is due to

A

Damage of the tympanic membrane

54
Q

Acoustic neroma is this

A

A tumor of schwann cells (schwannoma)

55
Q

Subjective tinnitus is

A

Sensation of sound without external stimulation- a phantom perception

56
Q

This area of the auditory pathway has abnormal activity

A
  • Dorsal cochlear nucleus- increases spontaneous activity

- Primary auditory cortex

Organ Systems III (10 decks)

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