Taste and gustatory pathway Flashcards
•Taste and smell send information to phylogenetically old areas of the brain associated with ____ and _____.
•Taste and smell send information to phylogenetically old areas of the brain associated with memory and emotion.
•Sustained stimulation leads to adaptation
–_____ receptors do NOT adapt or adapt slowly
–______receptors adapt rapidly
•Sustained stimulation leads to adaptation
–Tonic receptors do NOT adapt or adapt slowly
–Phasic receptors adapt rapidly
Tonic Receptors
- ____adaptation.
- Continuously transmit signals for duration of stimulus
- Monitoring of _____ that must be continually evaluated
Tonic Receptors
- Slow adaptation.
- Continuously transmit signals for duration of stimulus
- Monitoring of parameters that must be continually evaluated
Phasic Receptors
____ adaptation
____ firing if strength of a continuous stimulus remains constant
Allow body to____constant unimportant information
Phasic Receptors
Rapid adaptation
Cease firing if strength of a continuous stimulus remains constant
Allow body to ignore constant unimportant information
Umami is the taste of ____
glutamate
Salty and sour flavors are associated with aspects of _____
homeostasis
Sweet taste is associated with ____
high calorie food
Bitter flavor is associated with something that is potentially ____
toxic
- The receptors for taste are located in structures called ____ ____
- Taste buds contain group of ____ & _____cells.
- Taste buds are mostly found within the _____ of the tongue.
- The receptors for taste are located in structures called taste buds.
- Taste buds contain group of receptor & support cells.
- Taste buds are mostly found within the papillae of the tongue.
there are ____ types of papillae that contain taste buds
3
–fungiform papillae (mushrooms)
- most _____ part of tongue (appear as _____ spots)
- contain one to several taste buds each
–fungiform papillae (mushrooms)
- most anterior part of tongue (appear as red spots)
- contain one to several taste buds each
foliate papillae
- ____ of tongue, ____ to circumvallate line
- contain _____ taste buds
foliate papillae
- edge of tongue, anterior to circumvallate line
- contain multiple taste buds
–circumvallate papillae
•_____of tongue ____ circumvallate line
–circumvallate papillae
•back of tongue on circumvallate line
Taste receptors are clustered in organelles, called ___ ____
Taste receptors are clustered in organelles, called taste buds
Receptor cells have _____microvilli (absorptive area) where most receptors/channels are located
Receptor cells have apical microvilli (absorptive area) where most receptors/channels are located
Each taste bud contains:
_____taste receptor cells arranged like segments of an _____ - contain sites of sensory transduction
Each taste bud contains:
50-150 taste receptor cells arranged like segments of an orange - contain sites of sensory transduction
Each taste bud contains:
basal cells - differentiate into new _____ cells. The receptor cells are continually renewed every_____days (requires sensory nerve input)
Each taste bud contains:
basal cells - differentiate into new receptor cells. The receptor cells are continually renewed every 10-14 days (requires sensory nerve input)
Each taste bud contains_____cells, ____cells, and ___ cells
basal, sensory, supporting
These taste bud areas are innervated by what nerves?
Taste stimuli interact with _____channels or receptors on the ____membrane (small ionic stimuli may permeate tight junctions)
Taste stimuli interact with ion channels or receptors on the apical membrane (small ionic stimuli may permeate tight junctions)
Taste stimuli interact with ion channels or receptors on the apical membrane (small ionic stimuli may permeate tight junctions)
Typically, this interaction ______the taste cell (directly or via 2nd messengers). Some stimuli release _____ from stores.
Taste stimuli interact with ion channels or receptors on the apical membrane (small ionic stimuli may permeate tight junctions)
Typically, this interaction depolarizes the taste cell (directly or via 2nd messengers). Some stimuli release Ca2+ from stores.
In taste transduction:
Receptor potential opens voltage-activated____ & ____channels (depolarization)
Voltage-activated_____ channels open, allowing Ca2+ inside and a net rise in [Ca2+]in.
As in typical chemical synaptic transmission, Ca2+ rise triggers ______ of transmitter containing vesicles.
In taste transduction:
Receptor potential opens voltage-activated Na+ & K+ channels (depolarization)
Voltage-activated Ca2+ channels open, allowing Ca2+ inside and a net rise in [Ca2+]in.
As in typical chemical synaptic transmission, Ca2+ rise triggers exocytosis of transmitter containing vesicles.
4 mechanisms of transduction for taste:
- _____passage of a chemical through an ion channel (Na+, Ca2+, H+, K+).
- Bind to and _____ ion channels.
- Bind to and _____ ion channels.
- Bind to a membrane receptor and activates _____ messenger systems that in turn open or close____ channels (membrane receptors and G-proteins).
4 mechanisms of transduction for taste:
- Direct passage of a chemical through an ion channel (Na+, Ca2+, H+, K+).
- Bind to and blocking ion channels.
- Bind to and opening ion channels.
- Bind to a membrane receptor and activates secondary messenger systems that in turn open or close ion channels (membrane receptors and G-proteins).
increased intracellular Ca2+ triggers ______release
increased intracellular Ca2+ triggers transmitter release
