anesthetics Flashcards
Stages of anesthesia
1.
2.
3.
4.
- analgesia
- excitement
- surgical anesthesia
- medullary depression
Stage of analgesia
- analgesia with/without ____
- ___pupils
- euphoria
Stage of analgesia
- analgesia with/without amnesia
- normal pupils
- euphoria
Stage of excitement
patient appears delirious and may vocalize, respiration is ____ in volume and rate, ____ blood pressure, mydriasis (combative behavior)
Stage of excitement
patient appears delirious and may vocalize, respiration is irregular in volume and rate, increased blood pressure, mydriasis (combative behavior)
Thiopental is a _____
barbiturate
Morphine and fentanyl are _____
opiod analgesics
Midazolam is a ____
benzodiazapene
Propofol, Ketamine, Etomidate, and Dexmedetomidine are examples of other types of _____ anesthetics
IV
Halothane, Enflurane, Sevoflurane, Isoflurane, and Desflurane are examples of _____
volatile liquids
nitrous oxide is classified as a ___
gas
Anesthetic State
It is a global but reversible _____ of the central nervous system function resulting in the loss of response to and perception of all _____
Anesthetic State
It is a global but reversible depression of the central nervous system function resulting in the loss of response to and perception of all stimuli.
a state of decreased awareness of pain, sometimes with amnesia.
analgesia
a state of unconsciousness, analgesia, and amnesia, with skeletal muscle relaxation and loss of reflexes.
general anesthesia
provided by combination of drugs including inhaled and IV agents used to take advantage of individual drug properties in the attempt to minimize their adverse actions.
balanced anesthesia
______ medication can alter clinical signs of anesthesia
pre-anesthetic
Stage of surgical anesthesia
______respiration, changes in ocular movements, eye reflexes, miosis, progressive _____ of somatic and autonomic reflexes, progressive ______in blood pressure
Stage of surgical anesthesia
regular respiration, changes in ocular movements, eye reflexes, miosis, progressive loss of somatic and autonomic reflexes, progressive decrease in blood pressure
loss of consciousness, severe depression and arrest, no eye movement, circulatory and respiratory support necessary!!!
Stage of ______
Stage of medullary depression
Induction of anesthesia
the time from ______of general anesthetic to the _____ of surgical anesthesia
Induction of anesthesia
the time from administration of general anesthetic to the achievement of surgical anesthesia
Induction depends on how fast the anesthetic reaches the _____(inhaled or intravenous)
CNS
In order to reach the CNS the anesthetic must be transferred from the alveolar ___ to blood and from blood to ____.
In order to reach the CNS the anesthetic must be transferred from the alveolar air to blood and from blood to brain.
•Recovery depends on how quickly the anesthetic is removed from the ____.
blood
three most important factors that influence rate of induction for inhaled anesthetics:
- The ___ in blood (blood gas/partition coefficient)
- The anesthetic partial pressure in the _____air
- The rate of pulmonary _____
three most important factors that influence rate of induction for inhaled anesthetics:
- The solubility in blood (blood gas/partition coefficient)
- The anesthetic partial pressure in the inspired air
- The rate of pulmonary ventilation
Nitric oxide dissolves in blood more or less?
less
Halothane dissolves in blood more or less?
more
The more soluble an anesthetic is in blood, then more of it must be _____in blood to rise its partial pressure
The more soluble an anesthetic is in blood, then more of it must be dissolved in blood to rise its partial pressure
Gases with low solubility in the blood reach high_____tensions more rapidly
Gases with low solubility in the blood reach high arterial tensions more rapidly
anesthetics with _____ blood/gas partition coefficient (nitrous oxide) reach the CNS faster
anesthetics with smaller blood/gas partition coefficient (nitrous oxide) reach the CNS faster
