Task 7 - Freud and Psychoanalysis Flashcards
Freuds research methods
- medical case studies
- introspection + interpretation of therapist
Method of free association
- encourage patients to let thoughts run free and report honestly on whatever came to their mind
- patient stays conscious
- before: pressure technique
Intrapsychic conflict
- conscious: wants to be cured
- unconscious: fear of treatment
Seduction theory
- all hysterics must have undergone sexual abuse as children
- > symptoms function as defense
- Freud realized its wrong but: sexuality must still play a role
Dream work: 3 processes
1) displacement
- manifest content symbolizes latent content (with image less distressing)
- Defensive function
2) condensation
- 2 or more latent thoughts condense onto a single manifest dream image
3) concrete representation
- manifest content represents latent content
- > concrete experienced sensations or hallucinations
Primary processes
- unconscious
- dreams and symptom formation
- children
Secondary processes
- conscious
- rational thought
- more mature
- regression to primary thoughts (can also be positive -> artists
Wish fulfillment hypothesis
- all dreams represent some element of the fulfillment of wishes
- often latent content: represents wishes
- manifest content: opposite of wish fulfillment
Freuds self analysis - his own development
- death of father -> depression
- his childhood dream
- > interpreted it as having 2 wishes:
- his fathers death
- mothers sexual attention
Oedipus complex
- infantile desire to possess opposite sexed parent for ones exclusive sexual pleasure
- get rid of same sex parent as major rival
Childhood sexuality
- much broader than normal adult kind
- generalized human sexual drive from birth
Stages of childhood sexuality
1) polymorphous perversity
- innate sexual pleasure from stimulation any body part
2) erogenous zone
3) oral zone
- early infancy
4) Anal zone
5) genital zone
Age 5
- conflict acute -> Oedipus complex
- child represses Oedipal wishes -> forces them into unconsciousness
Puberty
- latency stage
- positive feelings with same sex parents
- positive identification with that parent
Anal character
- parents strict in enforcement of toilet training
- orderly person
- parsimonious (geizig)
- obstinate (stur)
Oral character
- interested in oral activities -> eating, drinking, smoking…
- too little stressed by parents -> cheerful, optimistic
- too much stressed -> envious, pessimistic, acquisitive (habgierig)
The Id
- unconsciousness
- drives, instinct, needs
- pleasure principle
- like newborn baby
- selfish
Ego
- center of consciousness
- executive part of personality
- mediates among demands of Id, superego and reality
Superego
- pre conscious level
- outside of awareness but still accessible
- represents internalized ideals
- provides standards for judgement
- norms, values, moral
Id, ego, superego and hysteria
-hysterical symptoms represent compromises in which external reality is largely ignored
Different Defence Mechanisms (6)
-> compromises of ego
- displacement
- projection
- intellectualization
- denial
- rationalization
- identification
Displacement
-redirect an impulse toward a substitute target
Projection
- person does not acknowledge own acceptable impulses
- > attributes them to someone else instead
Intellectualization
- impulse- and emotion- charged subject is directly approached, but in a strict, intellectual manner
- avoids emotional involvement
Rationalization
-people act because of one motive but explain behavior on basis of another more acceptable one
Identification
- when Oedipus complex ends-> latency phase
- internalizing parents prohibitions against childhood sexuality
- > superego develops
Cathartic method
- developed by Jonas Breuer
- remembering a scene under hypnosis -> expressing long suppressed emotion -> symptoms disappeared
Pathogenic ideas
- memories of emotionally charged experiences that have been ‘forgotten’
- > stimuli that would normally arouse the memory now activated strangulated emotional energy
- > conversions of emotional into physical energy
- only people who could be deeply hypnotized could be treated by cathartic method
Changes in treatment of mental disorders
- informal support by family
- asylums (like prisons)
- from prisoners to patients (‘medical’ , ‘moral’ treatment)
- neurologists: physicians interested in treatment of milder forms of mental problems outside fo asylums
- Charcot as major forerunner
Josef Breuer (1842-1925)
- patient Bertha Pappenheim, patient Anna O.
- developed cathartic method
- mentor to Freud
Jean-Martin Charcot
- French neurologist
- hypnosis and hysteria
- in Paris -> Freud met him
Erik Erikson (1902-1994)
- German
- first child psychoanalyst in Boston
- invented the term ‘identity crises’
- contribution to development and shape
- he tutored art in Vienna for children whose parents were undergoing psychoanalysis by Freuds daughter Anna
- he was invited by her to teach at a small private school
- > entered psychoanalysis, training to become a psychoanalyst himself
- Montessori education
- 8 stages of development
- personality development takes place through a series of crises that must be overcome and internalized by individual in preparation for next developmental stage
Erik Erikson - Connection to Freud
- Neo-Freudian, worked with Anna
- accepted Freud theory
- > didn’t focus on parent-child relationship as psychosexual aspects
- more importance of the role of the ego
- Erickson’s theory described development through entire lifespan ( Freuds theory ends at early adulthood)
Freuds psychological treatment
- talking to patients
- the unconscious mind plays a strong role in the control of people’s actions
