Task 6:sleep

Question 1

alpha activity

Answer 1

Smooth electrical activity of 8–12 Hz recorded

from the brain; generally associated with a state of relaxation.

Question 2

beta activity

Answer 2

Irregular electrical activity of 13–30 Hz recorded

from the brain; generally associated with a state of arousal.

Question 3

theta activity

Answer 3

EEG activity of 3.5–7.5 Hz that occurs intermittently

during early stages of slow-wave sleep and REM sleep

Question 4

sleep-onset insomnia

Answer 4

Difficulty in

falling asleep.

Question 5

sleep-maintenance insomnia

Answer 5

Difficulty in staying asleep.

Question 6

sleep apnea

Answer 6

A sleep disorder in
which respiration slows or stops periodically,
waking the person. Excessive
daytime sleepiness results from the
frequent nocturnal awakening.

Question 7

fatal familial insomnia

Answer 7

An inherited
disorder in which humans sleep normally
at the beginning of their life but stop
sleeping in midlife and die 7–24 months

Question 8

phase shift

Answer 8

A shift in the activity of a
biological rhythm, typically provided by a
synchronizing environmental stimulus

Question 9

entrainment

Answer 9

The process of synchronizing
a biological rhythm to an environmental
stimulus

Question 10

zeitgeber

Answer 10

Literally “time giver” (in
German). The stimulus (usually the
light-dark cycle) that entrains circadian
rhythms.

Question 11

hypothalamus function

Answer 11

=> anterior Hypothalamus promoting sleep

=> posterior hypothalamus preventing sleep/ promoting wakefullnesss

Question 12

SCN ( Suprachiasmatic nucleus)

Answer 12

Clusters of thousands of cells that receive information about light exposure directly from the eyes and control our behavioral / circadian rhythm

Question 13

Brain stem function

Answer 13

Communicates with the hypothalamus to control the transitions between sleep & wakefulness
=> Reticular formation: simulation promotes wakefullness& alertness. Controls REM sleep

Pons triggers REM sleep
Brain stem & hypothalamus produce GABA => reduces activity of arrousal centers

Brain stem sends signals to to rely muscles essential for body posture and movements => we can’t act out our dreams

Question 14

Thalamus function

Answer 14

Ole during rem sleep-thalamus provides cortex images, sounds and other sensations the fill our dreams

Question 15

Pineal gland

Answer 15

It receives signals from the SCN and increases the production of melatonin (helps us sleep)

Question 16

Basal forebrain function

Answer 16

+promotes sleep and wakefulness

+release of adenosine from cells in the basal forebrain and other regions supports our sleep drive