Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Body&Behavior > Task 1 - The Brain > Flashcards

Task 1 - The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebrum

A

+largest part of the brain

+devided into 2 hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hippocampus

A

forms memories & is involved in learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

+Anterior/ rotral ( Head end) of frontal lobe
+forming pans & strategies
+higher cognitive functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Motor Association cortex /Premotor cortex

A

+ caudal/ posterior ( head-end) of prefrontal cortex
+controls primary motor cortex
+plans the movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Corpus callosum

A

+is a bundle of fibers
+bridge of the 2 hemispheres
+te 2 hemispheres can then communicate with each other across the corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Secondary Motor Cortex

A

+rostral/ Anterior ( to head) from primary motor cortex
+includes supplementary motor area (SMA)
=> control of movements that are initially generated rather than triggered by sensory events
=> Control of sequences of movement
+includes Premotor Area
=>projects directly to the spianak cord
=> plays a role in direct movement
=> plays a role in planning movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

+rostral/Anterior (to head front ) to the central sulcus
+ caudal/ posterior( head back) in the frontal lobe
+located in pre central gyrus
+initiates movement & controls movement
+gets its information from motor association cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

brocas area

A

+located in the left hemisphere in the frontal lobe
+involved in muscles of speak=> ability to speak
+produces sound and speak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

primary somatosensory cortex

A

+causal/ posterior ( head end) to the central sulcus, rostral in the parietal lobe=> located in post central gyrus
+receives information from body senses
+functions contralateral
( left hemisphere controls right hand)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

SOMATOSENSORY
ASSOCIATION
CORTEX

A

+caudal to the primary somatosensory cortex, caudal in
the parietal lobe
+ evaluation of sensory input by the primary somatosensory
cortex
=> receives information from the primary
somatosensory cortex
=> perceiving shapes, faces, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

VISUAL ASSOCIATION

CORTEX

A

+dorsal to the parietal lobe, rostral to the primary visual
cortex
+receives visual information from the primary visual cortex
+evaluates visual input
=> recognition of shapes, faces, …

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

PRIMARY VISUAL

CORTEX

A

+caudal to the visual association cortex; caudal in the
occipital lobe
+ receives visual information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

AUDITORY
ASSOCIATION
CORTEX

A

+ ventral in the temporal lobe

+ processes information from the primary auditory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

PRIMARY AUDITORY

CORTEX

A

+located on the lower surface of the deep fissure (hidden)

+receives auditory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

THALAMUS

A

+located dorsal to the hypothalamus, near the middle of
the cerebral hemispheres
+ passes most sensory information to the cerebral cortex
+ receives sensory information related to hearing, seeing,
touching and tasting
+filtrates and sorts the incoming information
+ prioritises information
+ Communication center it receives information from different lobes, and gives it on to other brain areas
+most of the nuclei in thalamus are sensory relay nuclei- nuclei that receive signals from sensory receptors, process them and transmit them to appropriate areas of sensory cortex
- lateral geniculate nuclei( visual system)
-medial gemiculate nuclei ( auditory sytem)
-ventral posterior nuclei ( somatosensory sytem)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

HYPOTHALAMUS

A

+ located ventral to the thalamus
+ responsible for homeostasis of the body needs/functions
+regulation of several controlled /motivated behavior
+ control centre for appetite, sleep-wakefulness, thirst,
temperature, blood pressure, emotion & secretion of hormones
+ control of four F’s
=> fight
=> flight
=> feed
=> fuck
+ cells produce hormones
+ pituitary gland is attached to the base of the
hypothalamus
+hypothalamus reguöaes release of hormones from pituarity gland ( hormones that control sexual development promote bone & MUSCEL GROWTH
hypothalamus =>pituitary gland => hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PITUITARY GLAND

A

+ located ventral to the hypothalamus

=> sends off hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

AMYGDALA

A

EMOTION CENTER
+interior of the rostral temporal lobe
+ contains a set of nuclei
+ responsible for emotions like fear and stress, anger and violence
+ responsible for memory consolidation (Festigung)
+descison making & emotional responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

HIPPOCAMPUS

A

+ forebrain structure of the temporal lobe
+ plays a the main role in learning and memory formation
+in particular memory or spatial location
+short term to long term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

FORNIX

A

+a fibre bundle that connects the hippocampus with other
parts of the brain
+ includes / connects mammillary bodies of hypothalamus
+damage can cause difficulty in calling long-term information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

MAMMILLARY BODIES

A

caudal to the end of the hypothalamus
+ a protrusion (Vorstehn) of the bottom of the brain
+ contains some hypothalamic nuclei
+ responsible for recording the memory
+contribites to alertes & memory formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CINGULATE CORTEX

A

located on the medial surfaces of the frontal lobe
+ cortex of the cingulate gyri
+receives inputs fromneocortex &thalamus
+ emotion formation & processing, learning & memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

LIMBIC CORTEX

A

located at the medial edge of the cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

AMYGDALA

A 
\+ fear processing
\+ emotion processing
\+ learning
\+ fight-or-flight response
\+ reward-processing
\+ positive emotion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
STRIATUM
terminal of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway + damaged in Parkinson patients + plays a role in memory for the consistent relationships between stimuli and responses in multiple trial tasks + Caudate Nucleus: => the tail like structure that is part of the striatum + Putamen: => a structure that is joined to the caudate nucleus by a series of fibre bridges
26
GLOBUS PALLIDUS
located between putamen and thalamus
27
MIDBRAIN
+ dorsal to pons, ventral to hypothalamus + controls basic needs + responsible for vision, hearing, motor control, wakefulness, arousal, temperature regulation + Tectum “ceiling”: => consists of two pairs of small hills called colliculi => dorsal/superior colliculi: visual function => ventral/inferior colliculi: auditory function + Tegmentum “floor”: => control of movement and sensory system => reticular formation ð plays a role in arousam, sleep, attention, movement, maintenance of muscle tone, various cardiac circulatory and respiratory reflexes => substantia nigra: conatins dopamine producing cells, important role in movement & reward => red nucleus: important component of the motor coordinaton => Periaqueductal gray=> mediating the pain reducing effects of opiate drugs
28
PONS
dorsal to cerebellum + helps to coordinate body functions => breathing, respiratory circuits, motor control, posture and balance +bridge between left & right hemisphere
29
CEREBELLUM
dorsal to medulla oblongata, ventral to pons + controls movement and cognitive processes that require precise timing +it receives information from the sensory systems,spianl cord & other parts of the brain +coordination of voluntary movements such as posture, speech +balance
30
MEDULLA | OBLONGATA
ventral to the cerebellum + automatic control of breathing of lungs, beating of heart, blood pressure and balance
31
CENTRAL FISSURE
the large fissure that separates the frontal lobe from the | parietal lobe
32
LATERAL FISSURE
the large fissure that separates the temporal lobe from | the frontal lobe
33
LONGITUDINAL | FISSURE
+the large fissure that separates the two cerebral | hemispheres
34
PRECENTRAL GYRUS
+the gyrus located just rostral to the central fissure | + primary motor area/cortex
35
PostCENTRAL GYRUS
+ the gyrus located just caudal to the central fissure | + primary somatosensory area/cortex
36
SUPERIOR | TEMPORAL GYRUS
+the large gyrus in the temporal lobe, ventral to the lateral fissure + location of auditory cortex
37
CINGULATE GYRUS
+large gyri located on the medial surfaces of the frontal lobes + dorsal the corpus callosum responsible for fear, avoidance of negative stimuli, pain processing, emotion, memory and self-regulation +helps to processautonomic motor functions
38
Media/ Lateral
towards middle/ towards outside of the spine
39
Dorsal
towards top of head
40
Ventral
towards the belly/ feet
41
Anterior / rostal
towards nose
42
Posterior/ caudal
towards "tail", back of the head
43
horizontal plane
cutting the brain in a way as if you would take a look from above
44
Sagital plane
if you were looking at the brain from the side
45
Coronal plane
if you were looking at the brain from the front
46
Central nervous system
Division of the nervous system which consists of the brain and spinal cord. -­‐ Referred to as ‘central’because it combines information from the entire body and coordinates activity across the whole organism. Most protected system of the body – Covered by three meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (see next point).
47
PNS ( peripheren nervous system )
Contains all nerves lying outside of CNS- connects CNS to limbs and organs and skin. Consists of 2 parts - Somatic nervous system & Automatic nervous system
48
Somatic nervous system
part that interacts with the external environment
49
automatic nervous system
part in charge of regulating the body internalenvionment
50
Right hemisphere
Creativity, spatial ability, artistic and musical skills . plays a large part in interpreting visual information and spatial processing
51
Left hemispheres
responsible for speech & language, comprehensive, arithmetic & writing.
52
postcentral gyrus
The strip of parietal cortex, just behind the central sulcus, that receives somatosensory information from the entire body.
53
precentral gyrus
The strip of frontal cortex, just in front of the central sulcus, that is crucial for motor control.
54
cingulate gyrus
curved fold covering the corpus covering the corpus callosum, involved in the processing emotions and behavior regulation, also regulates autonomic motor functions
55
superior temporal gyri
in the temporal lobe, | involved with perception of emotions in facial stimuli; auditory processing
56
gray matter
structure of cereal cortex, contains of unmeylinated, small neurons
57
white matter
layer beneath the cortex large myelinated neurons
58
cereberal cortex
tissue layer that covers the cerebral hemispheres
59
pyramidal cells
large multipolar neurons with pyramid-shaped bodies, large dendrite that extends from apex of the pyramid straight to the cortex surface
60
Stellate cells
small star shaped interneurons ( small axon or without), course vertically through the neocortex=> basis of the neocortexes columnar organization.
61
Frontal Lobe
most anterior part of the cerebral cortex +responsible for personality, behavior, emotions, +judgement, + planning, problem solving +also speech: Speaking & writing (brocas area) +Body movement +intelligence +concentration +self-awareness
62
parietal lobe
+ INterprets language, words | +analyzes sensation from the body such as touch, pad, temperature (sensory strip)
63
occipital lobe
Interprets visual perception +color, ligt, movement +maily Viual input to guide our behavior
64
temporal lobe
3 general functions +superior temporal gyrus- involved in hearing and language-wernickes area +minferior temporal cortex- involved in identifying complex visual patterns + medial temporal cortex- important for certain kind of memory
65
wernickes area
important for the comprehension of sleep
66
limbic system
``` center of our emotions, learning and memory associated with the regulation of motivated behaviors (fleeing, feeding, fighting, fucking) consists of hippocampus amygdala fornix cingulate cortex mammilary body septum ```
67
septum
connected to mammilary bodies and amygdala and hippocampus- completing the limbic ring Attaché to corpus callosum
68
basal ganglia
group of forebrain nuclei, including caudate nucleus, putamen & globes pallidus - they work with the forebrain to coordinate fine motions lesions produce movement impairment => parkinson, huntington
69
OPTIC CHIASM
point at wich the optic nerves from each eye come together . is located directly below the hypothalamus
70
reticular formation
+ controls over wich sensory signals reach cerebrum & come to our concise attention + important role in states of conciouness like alertness & sleep
71
brainstem
consist sof midbrain ( mesencephalon), the pons ( metencephalon), myelencephalon (medulla) + provides main motor and sensory distribution of nerves to the face and neck +important role in the regulation of cardiac & respiratory function, it regulates the ins and helps us maintaining consciousness & regulates sleep cycle
72
Brain functions
+processing information=> only very small amount Is selected for processing to the point at eich it enters consciousness & can be reported +sending signals =< brain consists of many billion neurons wich signal each other +modules& connections=> brain is modular, different parts do different things => Modus are interconnected, no part works without the other ( lower functions are strongly localized vs. higher levels result from intercnncetons) + individuality ( brains share basic anatomy but individual different due to environment => individuality) +Plasticity=> Brain tissue can be strengthened and built up like muscle ( depending on how much we excercise it f.i playing an instrument)
73
Parts of the brain we could not loose
Medulla(&pons)=> responsible for heart rate & regulating breathing Amygdala=> alert for needs of basic survival sex, emotional reaction ( anger & fear) Brain stem=> regulates breathing & heart rate, digestion Hippocampus=> processes memories for long term storage, without we could not live in present because we would be stuck in old memories Thalamus=> integrates& reroutes sensory information => either loose all our senses or die Cerebellum=> voluntary movement, language, balance, memory,atttention (severe injuries in movement & speech)
74
Myencephalon
Medullla
75
metencephalon( midbrain)
pons + cerebellum
76
Forebrain/ prosenncephalon
contains of the left and right hemisphere => cortex | telencephalon, diencephalon
77
Midbrain/ mesencepahlon
``` Tetum Tegmentum substania nigr a red nucleus reticular formation ```
78
Telencephalon
basal ganglia cereberal cortex limbic system
79
Dienecephalo
thalamus hippo thalamus

Body&Behavior (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions