Task 2-Insane in the Brain

Question 1

membrane potential

Answer 1

the electric charge of a cell; difference of electric charge in cytoplasm (inside) & outside

Question 2

Soma

Answer 2

contains the nucleus and much of the machinery for the life prices of the cell

Question 3

Terminal buttons

Answer 3

The little buds at the end of a branch of an axon. IT forms synapses with another neuron& sends information to that neuron

Question 4

Dendrites

Answer 4

A branched , treelike structure attached to the soma of a neuron. it receives information from the terminal buttons of other neurons

Question 5

synapse

Answer 5

lies between the terminal buttons of an axe and the membrane of another neuron. Message from neuron to neuron are transmitted across the synapse

Question 6

membrane

Answer 6

a sructure consisting of lipid molecules that defines the boundaries of a cell

Question 7

Axon

Answer 7

a long, thin , cylindrical structure that conveys information from the soma of a neuron to its terminal buttons

Question 8

Different types of axons

Answer 8

1) multipolar (1 axon, many dendrites=> motor functons)
2) Bipolar (1 axon, 1 dendrite=> usually sensory)
3) unipolar neuron (ganz komisch => also detect sensory information)

Question 9

Motor neurons

Answer 9

+connected to muscles

=> transmit impulses from spinal cord to skeletal& smooth muscles so they control muscle movement

Question 10

Interneurons

Answer 10

they transfer signals between sensory& motor neurons

Question 11

sensory neurons

Answer 11

are activated by sensory input from the environment (when you touch a hot surface) the sensory neurons will fire of signals to the rest of the NS

Question 12

Neurotransmitter

Answer 12

a chemical that is released by a terminal button. they have an excitatory o an inhibitory effect on another neuron & helps to determine wether a positive or negative potential will occur

Question 13

Equilibrium

Answer 13

the state in wich the number of ions crossing a membrane in 1 direction is matched by the number of crossing in the opposite direction

Question 14

spacial summation

Answer 14

the summation of action potentials of potentials from different physical locations across the cell body ic called spatial summation

Question 15

temporal summation

Answer 15

the summation of postsynaptic potentials that reach the axon hillock at different times. the closer in time the potentials occur, the more complete the summation.

Question 16

input zone

Answer 16

where neurons collect & integrate information, either from the environment or from other cells

Question 17

integration zone

Answer 17

where the decision to produce a neural signal is made

Question 18

Conduction zone

Answer 18

(Axon) where information can be transmitted over greater distances

Question 19

Output zone

Answer 19

where the neuron transfers information to other cells

Question 20

bipolar neurons

Answer 20

usually sensory, their dendrites detect even s occurring in their environment =< they communicate these to the CNS

Question 21

unipolar neurons

Answer 21

tehy transit sensory information from the environment. also they detect touch, temperature changes & sensory effects the skin

Question 22

Motor neurons

Answer 22

+conneted to musckes,glands and organs
+tehy transmit impulses from the spinal cord to skeletal & mouth muscle tissue
=< direct control of muscle movements

Question 23

Interneurons

Answer 23

+they connect spinal motor & sensory neurons

+ transferring signals between sensory & motor neuron

Question 24

sensory neurons

Answer 24

are activated by sensory input of the environment (when you touch a hot surface with your fingers ) the sensory neurons will fire of signals to the rest of the nervous system

Question 25

myelin sheath

Answer 25

the fatty insulation around many axons, by insulating the axons , myelin shetes speed up the transmission of nerve impulses

Question 26

proteins in membrane can act in 3 different was

Answer 26

+detecting substances outside cell (hormones) & pass information +control if substance scan enter interior of the cell +transporter

Question 27

glial cells

Answer 27

+Glue cns together +provide supplies to neurons +insulate neurons +hold tem in place + detsroy & remove neurons => Astrocyte ( gives neurons nutrients, holds them in place, digest them), Oligodendrocytes( insulates axons with myelin sheath) =< ohne axons die in uns geht will regrow but the same connection will never be established

Question 28

Schwann cells

Answer 28

in PNS, each Schwann cell is wrapped around one myelin segment +electric insulate +provides nutrients +aid in digestion of dead or dying axons & guides regrowth

Question 29

3 underlying causes of action potential

Answer 29

A) diffusen ( spread of molecules from one side to the other until there ate uniform concentrations) B) diffusion truth semipermeable membranes C) Electrical forces ( opposite charges attract)