Task 4 Measures

Question 1

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer 1

Noninvasive technique that uses magnetic energy to generate high-resolution images that reveal some structural details in the living brain

Procedure:
1. patient is asked to lie down on movable table that slides into opening tube
=> all the protons in the brains tissue line up in parallel , instead of I their usual random orientations
=> protons are found in the nuclei of atoms, notably the hydrogenates making up water within body tissues
2. MRI machine creates magnetic field around the patient and radio waves are directed at the body
3. when pulse is turned off- protons relax back to their original configuration, emitting radio waves as they go
=> emitted radio frequency
energy measured by detectors ringing the
head varies depending on the
density of various tissues.
4. Powerful computer uses
this density-­‐based
information to generate
a detailed cross-­‐sectional
map of the brain.

Question 2

MRI advantages

Answer 2

+good detailed (more detailed Ct scan. Can create 3D images
+no radiation
+High spacial resolution
+it provides higher resolution images of the brain than does Ct
+Painless and fast- can last 15 minutes to a bit more than one hour.

Question 3

MRI Disadvantages

Answer 3

+difficult with people having metal body
+no temporal resolution
+size limits

Question 4

Positron emission Tomography

Answer 4

Non-invasive technique for brain function by combining tomography with injections of radioactive substances used by the brain
Pocedure:
1. Doctor provides patient with radioactive 2-deoxyglucose wich is injected into the patients carotid artery2. Since 2-DG is very similar to glucose-It is rapidly taken u by active energy-consuming cells (metabolic fuel function) but it ends up accumulating in active neurons or in associated astrocytes ( because it cannot be metabolized) until it is broken down.
3. PET scan shows bright areas where there is heavy activity in our cells
-It can be sign of disease

Question 5

PET advantages

Answer 5

+short waiting period
+it shows how our body is working
results can be obtained within 24 hours

Question 6

Pet disadvantages

Answer 6

• poor spatial resolution
• takes long 30 min
• we need to drink plenty of fluids
• does not provide images of brain structure

Question 7

Transcranial magnetics stimulation (TMS)

Answer 7

1. electric current is delivered to the coil -which acts as the magnetic field generator
   => different coil types are used to elicit different magnetic field=< stimulates deeper Cortical layers