Task 4 Consensus

Question 1

Associated

Answer 1

describes the relationship between two variables
→variables are associated if knowing the values of one variable tells you something about the values of the other variable that you would not know without this variable

Question 2

Response variable

Answer 2

measures an outcome of a study (dependent variable) y

Question 3

Explanatory variable

Answer 3

explains or causes changes in the response variable (independent values) x

Question 4

Scatterplots

Answer 4

shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same individuals. Values of one variable on the horizontal axis the other on the vertical axis.
→explanatory variable on the horizontal axis

Question 5

Examining a scatterplot

Answer 5

→look for the overall pattern and for striking deviations from the pattern
→overall pattern can be described by form, direction, and strength
→deviation mostly important are outliers

Question 6

linear (scatterplot)

Answer 6

• When the data lie in a roughly straight line in a scatterplot

Question 7

positive association

Answer 7

when above average variables tend to accompany the above average values of the other variable. Same with the below-average values (when the graph goes from the lower left corner to the upper right corner

Question 8

negative association

Answer 8

when above and below average values of different variables occur together (when the graph goes from the upper left corner to the lower right corner)

Question 9

Correlation

Answer 9

When r is positive it is positive association and visa versa
When r goes near –1 or +1 one it is a strong relationship

Question 10

The two way table

Answer 10

is used when both variables are categorical, that gives counts for each combination of values of the two categorical variables

Question 11

Row variable (two way table)

Answer 11

(met requirement) because each horizontal row in the table describes whether or not was met.

Question 12

Column variable (two way table)

Answer 12

age is the column variable because each vertical column describes one age group

Question 13

Joint distribution (two way table)

Answer 13

dividing the cell entry by the total sample size, the collection of these proportions is the joint distribution

Question 14

Marginal distribution (two way table)

Answer 14

Divide one variable with the total amount of both variables

Question 15

Conditional distributions

Answer 15

When we condition on the value of one variable and calculate the distribution of the other variable, we obtain a conditional distribution (how many have met the requirement and how many not

Question 16

Simpsons paradox

Answer 16

An association or comparison that holds for all of several groups can reverse direction when the data are combined to form a single group. This reversal is called Simpson’ paradox