Task 4

Question 1

How many Brodman areas are there and in how many regions are they being grouped?

Answer 1

• > 43

- > 11

Question 2

Why are some numbers skipped when assigning them to the Brodman areas?

Answer 2

These “missing” areas are present in animals but not humans.

Question 3

What kind of areas make up the majority of the cortex?

Answer 3

Association Areas

Question 4

Name the six layers of the isocortex.

Answer 4

• Molecular
• External Granule
• External Pyramidal
• Internal Granule
• Internal Pyramidal
• Multiform

Question 5

What are the two main types of neurons in the cortex?

Answer 5

1. Pyramidal Neurons

2. Granular Neurons

Question 6

When looking at a neuron, what feature is striking about the pyramidal neurons?

Answer 6

the one outstanding dendrite

Question 7

What is the main function of granular neurons?

Answer 7

Interneuronal connections within the cortex

Question 8

What is the kind of categorization which Brodman based his cortical map on?

Answer 8

Cytoarchitecture

Question 9

What is an association fiber?

Answer 9

A bundle of axons, which for connections between areas of one cortical hemisphere

Question 10

The Arcuate Fasculus is a sub-fiber of which larger association fiber?

Answer 10

Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus

Question 11

What is the main job of the superior longitudinal fasciculus?

Answer 11

Communication of sensory information between the lobes

Question 12

The inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus connects the frontal lobe with the occipital lobe via the temporal lobe. The arch of fibers that goes around the lateral fissure is called … ?

Answer 12

Uncinate Fasciculus

Question 13

What is the name of the fiber, that interconnects the limbic lobe?

Answer 13

Cingulum

Question 14

What is the difference between commissural fibers and association fibers?

Answer 14

Commissural Fibers cross the midline, association fibers do not.

Question 15

What is the most popular commissural fiber?

Answer 15

The corpus callosum

Question 16

What is a forceps?

Answer 16

the radiation of fibers from the corpus callosum to the cortical areas

• > Forceps Minor: Anterior end
• > Forceps Major: Posterior end

Question 17

Which lobes does the anterior commissure connect?

Answer 17

the anterior temporal and the olfactory lobes

Question 18

What is the location called, where the limbs of the internal capsule meet?

Answer 18

Genu

Question 19

What are main criticism points against the Brodman map?

Answer 19

• Lack of observer independency, reproducibility and objectiveness
• individual variations in brain structure render brodman’s map impractical
• Cytoarchitecture shouldn’t be used to distinguish different areas (controversial)

Question 20

What is the scientific term for the tracks on which the cells in an axon travel?

Answer 20

Microtubules

Question 21

Dynein and Kinesin are the motor proteins of axonal transport. Which one of them is for outward/anterograde transport and which is for retrograde?

Answer 21

Anterograde -> Kinesin

Retrograde -> Dynein

Question 22

The brain has a special kind of constellation, in which there are distinct clusters, which are closely connected. What is this called?

Answer 22

Small-world architecture

Question 23

What are the main brain structures involved in the salience network?

Answer 23

Insula and Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Question 24

What are the main brains structures involved in the default mode network?

Answer 24

Posterior Cingulate Cortex and Medial PFC

Question 25

What is the frontal eye field (FEF) responsible for and what Brodmann Area is assigned to it?

Answer 25

• voluntary eye movements / tracking

- Brodmann Area 8

Question 26

Which brain areas are interconnected via the Arcuate fibers?

Answer 26

Broca and Wernicke