Task 4 Flashcards
How many Brodman areas are there and in how many regions are they being grouped?
- > 43
- > 11
Why are some numbers skipped when assigning them to the Brodman areas?
These “missing” areas are present in animals but not humans.
What kind of areas make up the majority of the cortex?
Association Areas
Name the six layers of the isocortex.
- Molecular
- External Granule
- External Pyramidal
- Internal Granule
- Internal Pyramidal
- Multiform
What are the two main types of neurons in the cortex?
- Pyramidal Neurons
2. Granular Neurons
When looking at a neuron, what feature is striking about the pyramidal neurons?
the one outstanding dendrite
What is the main function of granular neurons?
Interneuronal connections within the cortex
What is the kind of categorization which Brodman based his cortical map on?
Cytoarchitecture
What is an association fiber?
A bundle of axons, which for connections between areas of one cortical hemisphere
The Arcuate Fasculus is a sub-fiber of which larger association fiber?
Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus
What is the main job of the superior longitudinal fasciculus?
Communication of sensory information between the lobes
The inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus connects the frontal lobe with the occipital lobe via the temporal lobe. The arch of fibers that goes around the lateral fissure is called … ?
Uncinate Fasciculus
What is the name of the fiber, that interconnects the limbic lobe?
Cingulum
What is the difference between commissural fibers and association fibers?
Commissural Fibers cross the midline, association fibers do not.
What is the most popular commissural fiber?
The corpus callosum
What is a forceps?
the radiation of fibers from the corpus callosum to the cortical areas
- > Forceps Minor: Anterior end
- > Forceps Major: Posterior end
Which lobes does the anterior commissure connect?
the anterior temporal and the olfactory lobes
What is the location called, where the limbs of the internal capsule meet?
Genu
What are main criticism points against the Brodman map?
- Lack of observer independency, reproducibility and objectiveness
- individual variations in brain structure render brodman’s map impractical
- Cytoarchitecture shouldn’t be used to distinguish different areas (controversial)
What is the scientific term for the tracks on which the cells in an axon travel?
Microtubules
Dynein and Kinesin are the motor proteins of axonal transport. Which one of them is for outward/anterograde transport and which is for retrograde?
Anterograde -> Kinesin
Retrograde -> Dynein
The brain has a special kind of constellation, in which there are distinct clusters, which are closely connected. What is this called?
Small-world architecture
What are the main brain structures involved in the salience network?
Insula and Anterior Cingulate Cortex
What are the main brains structures involved in the default mode network?
Posterior Cingulate Cortex and Medial PFC
What is the frontal eye field (FEF) responsible for and what Brodmann Area is assigned to it?
- voluntary eye movements / tracking
- Brodmann Area 8
Which brain areas are interconnected via the Arcuate fibers?
Broca and Wernicke
