Task 2

Question 1

What happens in Dissociative Identity Disorder?

Answer 1

• Possession of more than one personalities
• Often paired with some sort of amnesia, which makes one alter ego forget the events during the control of another alter

Question 2

The rejected Trauma-Memory Argument says what?

Answer 2

Dissociation is caused by a traumatic experience.

Question 3

What is the impact of a Type 1 trauma on memory?

Answer 3

It produces a flashbulb memory

Question 4

What is the effect of a Type 2 trauma on memory?

Answer 4

It produces psychological numbness or a denial of the existence of the trauma, which leads to dissociative amnesia.

Question 5

What is a Type 1 Trauma?

Answer 5

A single, outstanding event

Question 6

What is a Type 2 Trauma?

Answer 6

A traumatic event that is reoccurring over a long time

Question 7

What does it mean when someone has delayed expression of PTSD?

Answer 7

The patient develops the symptoms only after the first 6 months after the event

Question 8

What kind of biological abnormalities are found in the brains of PTSD patients?

Answer 8

• Hyperactive Amygdala
• Hypoactive MPFC
• Shrunken Hippocampus
• Elevated Norepinephrine Levels

Question 9

Which gender is more likely to develop PTSD?

Answer 9

Females

Question 10

How many PTSD patients develop a comorbid disorder?

Answer 10

50%

Question 11

What is the lifetime prevalence of PTSD?

Answer 11

7%

Question 12

What is Dissociation?

Answer 12

The process of different facets of the self, memories and consciousness becoming disconnected
- Also referred to as Depersonalization or Derealization

Question 13

What does IQ have to do with PTSD?

Answer 13

A lower increases the risk of developing PTSD as a response to a traumatic event.

Question 14

What is a technique that is often used in treating PTSD using CBT?

Answer 14

Systematic Desensitization

Question 15

What is Stress-Inoculation Therapy?

Answer 15

Teaching the client skills that help them overcome problems in their life, which increase their stress and other problems caused by PTSD

Question 16

What is a commonly used drug in treating PTSD?

Answer 16

SSRIs -> Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Question 17

How does the controversial treatment method EMDR work?

Answer 17

• The eye movement task taxes our working memory and thus, less capacity is left to be used for recalling the traumatic event.
• As events during recall can affect reconsolidation of memories, the EMDR method leads to what is called imagination deflation.

Question 18

Applying Baddeley’s limited capacity working memory theory, what can be said about for whom, EMDR might be more effective?

Answer 18

For people with low working memory capacity.

Question 19

What is an important factor of EMDR determining its efficiency?

Answer 19

Difficulty of the dual-task. It has to be appropriately difficult.

Question 20

What is the phenomenon called, that is observed in PTSD patients, in which patients interpret their anxiety as evidence that a threat is present?

Answer 20

Emotion-Based Reasoning

Question 21

What is intrusion-based reasoning?

Answer 21

when people with ptsd assume danger because of a cue, that they associate with their trauma.

Question 22

What is special about intrusion-based reasoning?

Answer 22

It might be causal for PTSD

Question 23

What is a previous assumption that has been disproven by Zoet et al?

Answer 23

That having the dissociative subtype of PTSD decreases level of treatment effectiveness