TASK 1 - ADHD Flashcards
ADHD
= attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
- neurodevelopment disorder
- difficulties learning to pay attention, control impulses, organise behaviours to accomplish long-term goals
DSM-5
A.
persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity that interferes with functioning or development
- inattention: 6 symptoms have to be present for at least 6 months
- hyperactivity: 6 symptoms for at least 6 months
A.
1. inattention
- overlooks or misses details, work is inaccurate;
- difficulty sustaining attention in tasks
- does not seem to listen when spoken to directly (mind is elsewhere)
- does not follow through on instructions, fails to finish work
- difficulty organising tasks, poor time management, disorganised work
- dislikes/avoids engaging in tasks requiring sustained mental effort
- loses things necessary for tasks/activities
- easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
- often forgetful in daily activities
A.
2. hyperactivity + impulsivity
- often fidgets with/taps hands/feet or squirms in seat
- leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected
- runs/climbs in situations where it is inappropriate;
- unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly
- often ‘on the go’, acting as if ‘driven by motor’
- often talks excessively, is very loud
- often blurts out an answer before question has been completed
- often has difficulty waiting his/her turn
- often interrupts or intrudes on others
DSM-5
B.
several inattentive/ hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were present prior to 7-12 years
- age of onset
DSM-5
C.
several inattentive/ hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were present in 2 or more settings
- pervasiveness: not circumstance driven
DSM-5
D.
there is clear evidence that the symptoms interfere with/reduce quality of social-academic or occupational functioning
- impairment
DSM-5
E.
symptoms do not occur exclusively during another psychotic disorder and are not better explained by another mental disorder
- uniqueness
prevalence
onset: begins in childhood, mostly diagnosed in elementary school
- 3-5% of school-age children
- in 50% percent symptoms persist into young adulthood
- boys 2x more likely
- -> girls: primarily inattentive + have less disruptive behaviour –> under-identification
co-morbidity risk
increased risk for:
- antisocial personality disorder
- substance abuse
- mood/ anxiety disorders
ADHD inattentive type
= attention deficits
- 6 or more criteria (1)
ADHD hyperactive/impulsive type
= constantly restless, without thinking about consequences
- 6 or more criteria (2)
combined ADHD
= hyperactive + inattentive
- 6 or more criteria in (1) and (2)
co-morbidities
1. co-occuring
- symptom domains/clusters + co-morbidities (anxiety disorders, conduct disorder)
- -> lead to - functional/psychosocial impairments
- self (low self-esteem); school (academic difficulties); family; social (socialisation deficits)
co-morbidities
2. consequence of ADHD
- ADHD only (kindergarten)
- low self-esteem
- poor relations, learning delay (6)
- mood disorder, challenging, defiant behaviour (10)
- antisocial behaviour, ostracism, conduct disorder (14-16) …
impairments
- childhood
- injuries
- academic achievements
- -> 20-25% have specific learning disorder = even harder to concentrate in school
- poor relationships (become aggressive if things don’t go their way)
