Tarsus & tibia

Question 1

Seger, JAVMA 2024
Pantarsal arthrodesis stabilized with circular external skeletal fixators in 8 dogs (2010-2022)

-what was the mean duration of fixator application?
-what % excellent outcome?
-what % complications?
what angle of extension?

Answer 1

Fixators on for 11 weeks
75% excellent outcome
50% complications
125 degrees extension

Question 2

Anesi, vet surg 2020
Long-term outcomes after pantarsal arthrodesis with medial plate fixation without external coaptation in 30 dogs
- total complication rate?
-major I (surgical) and major II (medical) complication %?

Answer 2

58% total complications
31% major I, 31% major II

Question 3

Holroyd, VCOT 2023
Risk Factors Associated with Plantar Necrosis following Tarsal Arthrodesis in Dogs

-what was location of the intermetatarsal channel (perforating MT artery)?

-what % of screws that risked damaging the artery developed plantar necrosis?

Answer 3

proximal 25% of MT III

8% of screws risking damaging artery developed plantar necrosis
[no significance in screw position and plantar necrosis]

Question 4

Von Pfeil, vet surg 2024
Outcomes of 15 dogs and two cats with metabone fractures treated with fluoroscopically guided normograde metabone pinning

-Median time to bone union?
-Median time for coaptation?
-Median isthmus fill of IM pin?
-Major complication rate?
-radiographic abnormality at follow up?

Answer 4

6 weeks to union
14 days coaptation
median isthmus fill 96%
major complication rate 0%
subchondral bone sclerosis in 23%

Question 5

Beamonn, vet surg 2022
Effect of calcanean bone-tunnel orientation for teno-osseous repair in a canine common calcanean tendon avulsion model

-which bone tunnel for CCT reattachment yielded at highest load?

Vertical tunnel
transverse tunnel
Modified tunnel

Answer 5

Transverse tunnel

other than yield load, no differences between the three techniques

Question 6

Luescher, vet surg 2020
Biomechanical comparison of knotted and knotless stabilization techniques of the tarsal medial collateral ligament in cats: A cadaveric study

-Tested bone tunnels with prolene suture, polyethylene cord and knotless suture anchors with polyethylene cord.

Which performed best?

Answer 6

knotless anchors, no difference to intact controls.

Question 7

Eby, vet surg 2020
Influence of barbed epitendinous sutures combined with a core locking-loop suture to repair experimental flexor tendon lacerations

Which barbed epitendinous suture improved biomechanical properties?
-V-loc
-Quill
stratafix?

Answer 7

Stratafix (bilateral barbs, level with each other). (equivalent to monofilament)

Question 8

Schulz, vet surg 2019
Clinical outcomes after common calcanean tendon rupture repair in dogs with a loop-suture tenorrhaphy technique and autogenous leukoreduced platelet-rich plasma

-What was the major complication rate?

Answer 8

17% (2/12).

outcomes very good (owners scored 95%)

Question 9

Baroncelli, VCOT 2021
Use of a transarticular calcaeno-tibial locking plate for temporary immobilisation of the tarsocrural joint following surgical repair of common calcaneal tendon rupture in eight dogs

-what angle was hock fixed at?
-what duration was plate on for?

Answer 9

hock fixed at 150 degrees
plate maintained for 6 weeks

Question 10

Carbonell Buj, VCOT 2021
Isolated articular fractures of the canine talus: Diagnosis and signalment in fourteen dogs

-most common aspect of talus fractured?
-13 dogs had radiographs first. What % of these was the fracture visible in?

Answer 10

lateral ridge of talus
38% radiographs frcature visible

Question 11

Goh, JSAP 2022
Surgical management of superficial digital flexor tendon luxation in dogs: 48 cases (2005-2020)

-what % cases had a successful clinical outcome?
-what % had reluxation
-% complicatinos?
-what factors increased risk of surgical failure?

Answer 11

73% successful outcome
15% reluxation
71% complications

Surgical failure 60% greater if absorbable suture used.

Failure more common if non rigid immobilisation post op (57% failure) compared to rigid immobilisation (19%) - NOT SIGNIFICANT

Question 12

Duffy, vet surg 2021
Biomechanical evaluation of a novel barbed suture pattern with epitendinous suture augmentation in a canine flexor tendon model

-What was the difference in percentage yield when the epitendinous suture was added?
-difference in failure mode between 3LP and epitendon barbed suture versus no epitendon suture

Answer 12

80% yield

3LP and EP failed by tissue breakage distal
3LP alone failed by suture pull through

Question 13

Jury, JSAP 2021
Surgical repair for luxation of the superficial digital flexor tendon using a temporary restraining pin

-what was the most common breed affected?
-Major complication rate?
-Minor complication rate?

Answer 13

shetland sheepdog
13% major complications
35% minor complications

Question 14

Gunstra, JAVMA 2019
Description and outcome of prosthetic ligament placement for stabilisation of medial or dorsomedial tarsometatarsal joint luxation in dogs and cats: 16 cases (2004-2017)

-what was the main complication?

Answer 14

bandage associated dermatitis @ 31% (left in place 4 weeks)

Question 15

Haussler, JFMS 2023
Retrospective multicentre evaluation of common calcaneal tendon injuries in 66 cats. Part 1: study population, injury specification and classification

-% closed injuries?
According to Meustege classification,
-what was most common injury for acute presentation?
-what was most common injury for subacute/ chronic lesions?

Overall, what was the most common meustege type injury?

Answer 15

70% closed, 30% open.

-meustege type I for acute

-meustege type 2c for subacute/ chronic

meustege type 2c most common (53%)

Type I: complete tendon tear, including all parts of the CCT.
Type IIa: musculotendinous ruptures
type IIb: include ruptures of the AT with intact paratenon
type IIc: gastrocnemius tendon (GT) avulsions with an intact superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT).
Type III: tendinosis or peritendinitis.

Question 16

Haussler, JFMS 2023
Retrospective multicentre evaluation of common calcaneal tendon injuries in 66 cats. Part 2: treatment, complications and outcomes

-mean time of immobilisation?
-most common sx treatment , with %s?
-which method of immobilisation associated with most complications?
-what % cats free of lameness?
-what factor associated with better long term outcome?

Answer 16

48 days
ESF 57%, CT screw 33%
ESF (pin tract complications most common)
short term complication rate 41%
86% free of lameness
cats that underwent surgery (83%) had better long term outcome.

Question 17

Longo, vet surg 2023
A three-dimensional computed tomographic volume rendering methodology to measure the tibial torsion angle in dogs

-what was the mean tibial torsion angle in normal dogs?

Answer 17

minus 6 degrees

Question 18

Arun, VCOT 2022
Factors Contributing to the Need for Non- Elective Explant following Surgical Repair of Tibial Tuberosity Avulsion Fracture

-rate of non-elective explant?
-what factors made non-elective explant more likely?
-what was reason?

Answer 18

non-elective explant 30%

neutered dogs (19x more likely)
increase in average size pin (2.5x more likely)

mostly due to implant migration

Question 19

Von Pfeil, VCOT 2021
Tibial Apophyseal Percutaneous Pinning in Skeletally Immature Dogs: 25 Cases (2016–2019)

-what factor reduced patellar desmitis and seroma?
-what was the effect of surgery on TPA?
-median pin cross angles for cases with and without desmitis?
-major complications?

Answer 19

negative threaded pins

reduction in TPA from 26 pre op to 19 at folllow-up

horizontal pin cross angles: 40 with desmitis, 26 without desmitis

0% major complications

Question 20

Miles, VCOT 2020
Approximations to the tibial distal anatomical axis in the sagittal plane

-which combination of pointed resulted in the least deviation from the true axis?

67% and 75%
67% and 95%
50% and 75%
50% and 95%

Answer 20

50% and 95%
(50% better than 67%, and 50 & 95 better than 50 and 75 - less deviation)

Question 21

Miraldo, VCOT 2020
Feline distal tibial physeal fracture repair using a modified cross-pin technique with four pins
- what were the extra k-wires?
-complication?

Answer 21

a second medial and a craniolateral wire

k-wire migration in 2/9 with removal.

8/9 excellent bar 1 which was good

Question 22

Winter, JSAP 2022
Management of proximal metaphyseal curvilinear tibial fractures in 25 skeletally immature dogs (2009 to 2020)

-what major complications?
-minor complications?
-most common minor complications?

Answer 22

28% major complications
40% minor complications
proximal tibial valgus and eTPA

Question 23

Verpaalen, JAVMA 2021
Use of a hybrid external skeletal fixator construct for managing tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures in three dogs

-at how many weeks was the frame remoed?

Answer 23

2 weeks - no displacement in 2 dogs, mild displcaement in 1.

Question 24

Gutbrod, vet surg 2024
Ex vivo biomechanical evaluation of 2.4 mm LCP plate rod constructs versus 2.7 mm LCP applied to the feline tibia

-which construct was strongest in axial compression and load to failure?
-which construct was strongest in torsion?

Answer 24

2.4mm LCP and 1.6mm rod strongest in compression and load to failure

no difference in torsional stiffness

Question 25

Sadowitz, vet surg 2023
Effect of screw insertion angle and speed on the incidence of transcortical fracture development in a canine tibial diaphyseal model

-if placed co-axial, what was effect of speed?
-effect of increasing screw insertion speed ?

Answer 25

No transcortical fractures if coaxial.

Increasing speed when off angle increases incidence of fracture. (10 degrees, 650rpm = 12.5% fracture, 1350rpm= 17.5%)