Humerus & elbow Flashcards
Pierrot, JAVMA 2023
Presumed concurrent medial coronoid process fracture is a frequent radiographic finding in dogs and cats with humeral condylar fractures
-incidence of MCP fracture?
-what factor increased likelihood?
-46%
-comminution of fracture had positive effect on presence of possible fractured MCP
Danielski, JAVMA 2023
Lower body weight and increasing age are significant risk factors for complications following bi-oblique proximal ulnar osteotomy in dogs
-what was the most common major complication?
-most common minor complication?
-what was the major and minor complication rate?
-osteotomy non union
-delayed union
Post-op complications in 42% (major 14%, minor 28%).
Low, VCOT 2024
Long-Term Outcome and Complications after Transcondylar Screw Placement for Canine Humeral Intracondylar Fissure
-what factor associated with DECREASED risk of complications?
-total complication rate?
-increasing age associated with decreased risk of complications.
-17.5% complication rate
Condon, VCOT 2024
Humeral Condylar Fractures in French Bulldogs—Inciting Cause and Factors Influencing Complications of Internal Fixation in 136 Dogs
-complication rate?
-what factor increased risk of complication?
-22% complication rate, third of which were major
-comminution increased risk of complication
[fixation method did not]
Payne, VCOT 2024
Computed Tomography Topographical Analysis of Incomplete Humeral Intracondylar Fissures in English Springer Spaniel Dogs
-in ESS, where does the HIF originate?
typically originates approximately 57 degrees caudal to the supratrochlear foramen in the sagittal plane and may propagate in a segmental fashion with lesser propagation through the proximal intracondylar region.
Fuchter, VCOT 2023
Biomechanical Comparison of Cortical Lag Screws and Cortical Position Screws for Their Generation of Interfragmentary Compression and Area of Compression in Simulated Lateral Humeral Condylar Fractures
-which method of screw placement generated most compression?
forceps compression with 3.5mm lag screw
Scharpf VCOT 2023
Assessment of Outcome of Arthroscopic Subtotal Coronoidectomy in Treating Medial Coronoid Disease and Effect of Concurrent Autologous Conditioned Plasma in Dogs Using Force Plate Analysis
-how long did it take for PVF to normalise?
-what parameters had not normalised at this point?
-what was effect of ACP?
-26 weeks
-braking parameters
-ACP did not affect outcome
Vernier, vet surg 2024
The use of lateral arthroscopy portals for the management of a fragmented lateral coronoid process in an English Bulldog
-what was the treatment?
abrasion arthroplasty
Von Pfeil, Vet surg 2024
Outcomes of 11 dogs with short radius syndrome treated with acute arthroscopically assisted ulnar shortening
-to the closest mm, to what extent were radioulnar values improved by?
-humeroradial?
-humero ulnar?
-median time to bone healing?
3mm radioulnar
2mm humeroradial
1mm humeroulnar
8 weeks
no major complications
Quinn, vet surg 2024
Adjunctive fixation of the humeral epicondyle in a lateral condylar fracture model: Ex vivo comparison of pins and plates with a novel composite (AdhFix)
-what was the difference in stiffness between adhfix and plate?
- what is the composite?
-how does it harden?
none, both stiffer than 1.6mm k-wire.
2 resin components and hydroxyapatite
-dental acrylic lamp (high energy visible light)
Danielski, vet surg 2024
Influence of oblique proximal ulnar osteotomy on humeral intracondylar fissures in 35 spaniel breed dogs
-what percentage of HIF showed partial or complete healing?
-what impacted the increase in hounsfield units in HIF?
-what happened to HU of rest of condyle
-what % fissures did not heal and had complications as a result?
-how many elbows went on to fracture?
-most common complication?
80% partial or complete healing (55% complete, 25% partial)
-young dogs showed greater increase in hounsfield units
- rest of condyle showed decrease in HU
-8% did not heal and had complications as a result
- 2/51 fractured
-pin migration
Carwardine, vet surg 2024
Medial versus lateral transcondylar screw placement for canine humeral intracondylar fissures: A randomized clinical trial
-what was a risk factor for complications?
-most common complication?
-complication rate for mediolateral and lateromedial groups?
-what factor was linked to dogs with a major complication?
-L-M had 3.2x risk complications compared to M-L
-SSI most common complication
-LM 62%, ML 19% complications.
**Implant area moment of inertia (AMI), normalized to bodyweight, was lower in dogs with a major complication **
Gall, JFMS 2022
Analysis of feline humeral fracture morphology and a comparison of fracture repair stabilisation methods: 101 cases (2009–2020)
-what factor correlated with time to radigoraphic union and time ot acceptable function?
-what was most common fixation for humeral diaphysis fractures?
-what was assocaited with more minor complications?
-bodyweight correlated with time to union and time to acceptable function
-ESF most common for diaphysis
-open diaphyseal fractures associated with more minor complications
ESFs with more complications as expecterd
Walton JSAP 2020
A humeral intracondylar repair system for the management of humeral intracondylar fissure and humeral condylar fracture
-what was transcondylar screw?
-major complications?
headless self compressing screw (HIRS)
and comes with stepped drill bit
void packed with DBM
2/34 HIF, 2/14 fractures had major compliations
all cases had some degree of continuity of bone opacity across condyle
Carwardine, JSAP 2021
Outcomes, complications and risk factors following fluoroscopically guided transcondylar screw placement for humeral intracondylar fissure
-complication rate?
-what made complications more likely?
-factors protective of complication?
45% complications, 15% needed revision surgery.
complications more likely earlier in study and with increasing bodyweight
longer surgery and being female were protective re complications
Eayrs, VCOT 2021
Repair of Fractures of the Lateral Aspect of the Humeral Condyle in Skeletally Mature Dogs with Locking and Non-Locking Plate
-what percentage of cases had persistent radiolucency at intracondylar fracture line at final radiographic folllow up?
20/26 (77%)
Schettler, VCOT 2022
A Prevalence Study of Canine Humeral Condylar Fractures Over a Ten-Year Period at an Academic Teaching Hospital
-which breed was most likely to experience condylar fracture (and what increased odds compared to gen pop)
French bulldogs, 49x increased odds.
vilamil vet surg 2020
Impact of breed on canine humeral condylar fracture configuration, surgical management, and outcome
-which breed were more likely to get medial condylar fractures?
-factor associated with decreased complications?
medial condylar fractures
epicondylar plate fixation
Easter Vet surg 2020
Accuracy of three-dimensional printed patient-specific drill guides for treatment of canine humeral intracondylar fissure
-how much did the pilot hole deviate from planned at entry point? and exit point?
-mean maximum angulation?
1.3mm deviation (cranial) entry point
1.8mm deviation from evit point
5 degrees
Chan JFMS 2020
Treatment of humeral condylar fractures and humeral intracondylar fissures in cats with patellar fracture and dental anomaly syndrome
-what % PADS cats hat humeral intracondylar fracture?
8.7% humeral intracondylar fractures in PADS cats
Raleigh, vet surg 2021
Influence of interlocking thread screws to repair simulated adult canine humeral condylar fractures
-what was the effect of compact flute drill bit compared to standard flute drill bits?
-which screw was insertion torque greater for?
-which screw resisted greatest loads and had lesser fragment rotation at failure?
ompact flute required 20N more torque and generated 6 degrees more heat
-insertion torque greater for interlocking thread screw
interlocking thread screw
Pardo 2021
Accuracy of medial-to-lateral transcondylar screw placement using an aiming device and preoperative computer tomography planning for the treatment of humeral intracondylar fissure
-what were planned entry and exit points?
-how many intraarticular screws?
-% placed within 2mm of planned?
0.3X HCD cranial and 0.2xHCD distal to medial epicondyle, 0.3x HCD cranial and distal to lateral epicondyle
-1/34 intra articular
-38% within 2mm of planned trajectory
Creheut, vet surg 2021
Biomechanical comparison of humeral condyles with experimental intracondylar fissures immobilized with a transcondylar positional or a lag screw: An ex-vivo study in dogs
-which screw performed better?
-what was failure method?
-4.5mm positional screw better than lag
-fracture of medial condyle/ distal metaphysis
Jenkins, vet surg 2022
Medial epicondylar fissure fracture as a complication of transcondylar screw placement for the treatment of humeral intracondylar fissure
-what was the incidence of medial epicondylar fissure fracture?
-what was the effect of it?
-what maximum size transcondylar screw recommended to decrease riskmedial epicondylar fissure fracture?
11% incidence
-increased risk of screw loosening
-Placing transcondylar screws with a diameter inferior to 41% of the height of the condyle is recommended to avoid MEFF
Danielski, vet surg 2022
Humero-anconeal elbow incongruity in spaniel breed dogs with humeral intracondylar fissure: Arthroscopic findings
-what arthroscopic port?
-what was the finding
-caudomedial port, midpoint between epicondyle and olecranon
-cartilage lesion caudal aspect humeral condyle, incongruity with anconeus contacting cartilage lesion
Anderson, vet surg 2023
Humeral condylar fractures and fissures in the French bulldog
-what % had a HIF
-what increased the risk of major complications?
-58% HIF
-7.6x more likely to have major complication compared to other methods
Burton vet surg 2023
Design and topographic evaluation of a canine humeral anatomic plating system (CHAPS) for humeral condylar fracture repair in spaniels
-to nearest % what was the screw interference between medial and lateral plates?
2%
Neal, vet surg 2023
The effect of an aiming device on the accuracy of humeral transcondylar screw placement
-how was screw trajectory angle affected by aiming device and fluoroscopy?
-whicih complication noted with fluoroscopy?
-which group had increased risk of joint penetration (and by how much)
-trajectory angle decreased in aiming device compared to fluoroscopy
-fluoroscopy had increased drill attempts
-aiming device 8 times more likely (but not significant)
Williams JSAP 2020
Multi-centre retrospective study of the long-term outcome following suspected traumatic elbow luxation in 32 cats
-what was the most common technique?
-what % cats luxate with closed reduction?
transcondylar bone tunnels
-61% reluxate closed reduction
reluxation occurred most commonly with closed reduction. No luxation with open reduction and fixation
Wennemuth, VCOT 2020
Computed Tomography Enhances Diagnostic Accuracy in Challenging Medial Coronoid Disease Cases: An Imaging Study in Dog Breeding Appeal Cases
-what was the sensitivity and specificity of radiography when compared to CT for medial coronoid disease second opinions?
-what factor increased likelihood of false negative on radiographs
84% and 84%
-fissure line
Gander Soares VCOT 2023
Bone density of the humeral condyle in Labrador retrievers with medial coronoid process disease
-what abnormality was associated with higher HU in medial and lateral humeral condyle
apical fragments, not radial incisure fragments,.
McCarthy, VCOt 2020
Elbow Arthrodesis Using a Medially Positioned Plate in 6 Dogs
-What was the mean angle of arthrodesis?
-imaging available for 5. how many achieved complete arthrodesis?
118 degrees
4/5 complete arthrodesis
Garofolo, VCOT 2019
Articulated joint distraction in a cadaveric model of the canine elbow
-in an articulated ESF with distraction, what distance distraction was required to eliminate joint contact?
3.6mm distraction
Sasaki, vet surg 2020
Traumatic medial luxation of the triceps brachii tendon with medial subluxation of the elbow joint in a dog
-what was found on campbells test?
-what surgery was performed?
-increase in supination
-stopper pin, medial release, lateral imbrication, transcondylar screw with nylon antirotational suture through ulnar bone tunnel. post op spica 12d
Danielski, vet surg 2022
Complications after proximal abducting ulnar osteotomy and prognostic factors in 66 dogs
-overall complication rate?
-major complication rate?
-most common complication?
-variable associated with increased risk of post-op complications?
26% complications overall
18% major complications
Non - union
Increasing bodyweight associated with increased risk
Berger vet surg 2023
The use of subchondral bone topography to approximate the center of rotation of the elbow joint in dogs
-what difference was there in center of rotation of elbow joint in dogs with MCD?
CENTER OF ROTATION MORE CAUDAL
