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Bone > Humerus & elbow > Flashcards

Humerus & elbow Flashcards

1
Q

Pierrot, JAVMA 2023
Presumed concurrent medial coronoid process fracture is a frequent radiographic finding in dogs and cats with humeral condylar fractures

-incidence of MCP fracture?
-what factor increased likelihood?

A

-48%
-comminution of fracture had positive effect on presence of possible fractured MCP

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2
Q

Danielski, JAVMA 2023
Lower body weight and increasing age are significant risk factors for complications following bi-oblique proximal ulnar osteotomy in dogs

-what was the most common major complication?
-most common minor complication?

A

-osteotomy non union
-delayed union

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3
Q

Low, VCOT 2024
Long-Term Outcome and Complications after Transcondylar Screw Placement for Canine Humeral Intracondylar Fissure

-what factor associated with DECREASED risk of complications?
-total complication rate?

A

-increasing age associated with decreased risk of complications.
-17.5% complication rate

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4
Q

Condon, VCOT 2024
Humeral Condylar Fractures in French Bulldogs—Inciting Cause and Factors Influencing Complications of Internal Fixation in 136 Dogs

-complication rate?
-what factor increased risk of complication?

A

-22% complication rate, third of which were major
-comminution increased risk of complication

[fixation method did not]

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5
Q

Payne, VCOT 2024
Computed Tomography Topographical Analysis of Incomplete Humeral Intracondylar Fissures in English Springer Spaniel Dogs

-in ESS, where does the HIF originate?

A

typically originates approximately 57 degrees caudal to the supratrochlear foramen in the sagittal plane and may propagate in a segmental fashion with lesser propagation through the proximal intracondylar region.

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6
Q

Fuchter, VCOT 2023
Biomechanical Comparison of Cortical Lag Screws and Cortical Position Screws for Their Generation of Interfragmentary Compression and Area of Compression in Simulated Lateral Humeral Condylar Fractures

-which method of screw placement generated most compression?

A

forceps compression with 3.5mm lag screw

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7
Q

Scharpf VCOT 2023
Assessment of Outcome of Arthroscopic Subtotal Coronoidectomy in Treating Medial Coronoid Disease and Effect of Concurrent Autologous Conditioned Plasma in Dogs Using Force Plate Analysis

-how long did it take for PVF to normalise?
-what parameters had not normalised at this point?
-what was effect of ACP?

A

-26 weeks
-braking parameters
-ACP did not affect outcome

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8
Q

Vernier, vet surg 2024
The use of lateral arthroscopy portals for the management of a fragmented lateral coronoid process in an English Bulldog

-what was the treatment?

A

abrasion arthroplasty

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9
Q

Von Pfeil, Vet surg 2024
Outcomes of 11 dogs with short radius syndrome treated with acute arthroscopically assisted ulnar shortening

-to the closest mm, to what extent were radioulnar values improved by?
-humeroradial?
-humero ulnar?
-median time to bone healing?

A

3mm radioulnar
2mm humeroradial
1mm humeroulnar
8 weeks
no major complications

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10
Q

Quinn, vet surg 2024
Adjunctive fixation of the humeral epicondyle in a lateral condylar fracture model: Ex vivo comparison of pins and plates with a novel composite (AdhFix)

-what was the difference in stiffness between adhfix and plate?
- what is the composite?
-how does it harden?

A

none, both stiffer than 1.6mm k-wire.
2 resin components and hydroxyapatite
-dental acrylic lamp (high energy visible light)

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11
Q

Danielski, vet surg 2024
Influence of oblique proximal ulnar osteotomy on humeral intracondylar fissures in 35 spaniel breed dogs

-what percentage of HIF showed partial or complete healing?
-what impacted the increase in hounsfield units in HIF?
-what happened to HU of rest of condyle
-what % fissures did not heal and had complications as a result?
-how many elbows went on to fracture?
-most common complication?

A

80% partial or complete healing (55% complete, 25% partial)
-young dogs showed greater increase in hounsfield units
- rest of condyle showed decrease in HU
-8% did not heal and had complications as a result
- 2/51 fractured
-pin migration

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12
Q

Carwardine, vet surg 2024
Medial versus lateral transcondylar screw placement for canine humeral intracondylar fissures: A randomized clinical trial

-what was a risk factor for complications?
-most common complication?
-complication rate for mediolateral and lateromedial groups?
-what factor was linked to dogs with a major complication?

A

-L-M had 3.2x risk complications compared to M-L
-SSI most common complication
-LM 62%, ML 19% complications.
**Implant area moment of inertia (AMI), normalized to bodyweight, was lower in dogs with a major complication **

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13
Q

Gall, JFMS 2022
Analysis of feline humeral fracture morphology and a comparison of fracture repair stabilisation methods: 101 cases (2009–2020)

-what factor correlated with time to radigoraphic union and time ot acceptable function?
-what was most common fixation for humeral diaphysis fractures?
-what was assocaited with more minor complications?

A

-bodyweight correlated with time to union and time to acceptable function

-ESF most common for diaphysis

-open diaphyseal fractures associated with more minor complications

ESFs with more complications as expecterd

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14
Q

Walton JSAP 2020
A humeral intracondylar repair system for the management of humeral intracondylar fissure and humeral condylar fracture

-what was transcondylar screw?
-major complications?

A

headless self compressing screw (HIRS)
and comes with stepped drill bit
void packed with DBM

2/34 HIF, 2/14 fractures had major compliations

all cases had some degree of continuity of bone opacity across condyle

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15
Q

Carwardine, JSAP 2021
Outcomes, complications and risk factors following fluoroscopically guided transcondylar screw placement for humeral intracondylar fissure

-complication rate?
-what made complications more likely?
-factors protective of complication?

A

45% complications, 15% needed revision surgery.

complications more likely earlier in study and with increasing bodyweight

longer surgery and being female were protective re complications

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16
Q

Eayrs, VCOT 2021
Repair of Fractures of the Lateral Aspect of the Humeral Condyle in Skeletally Mature Dogs with Locking and Non-Locking Plate

-what percentage of cases had persistent radiolucency at intracondylar fracture line at final radiographic folllow up?

A

20/26 (77%)

17
Q

Schettler, VCOT 2022
A Prevalence Study of Canine Humeral Condylar Fractures Over a Ten-Year Period at an Academic Teaching Hospital

-which breed was most likely to experience condylar fracture (and what increased odds compared to gen pop)

A

French bulldogs, 49x increased odds.

18
Q

vilamil vet surg 2020
Impact of breed on canine humeral condylar fracture configuration, surgical management, and outcome

-which breed were more likely to get medial condylar fractures?
-factor associated with decreased complications?

A

medial condylar fractures
epicondylar plate fixation

19
Q

Easter Vet surg 2020
Accuracy of three-dimensional printed patient-specific drill guides for treatment of canine humeral intracondylar fissure

-how much did the pilot hole deviate from planned at entry point? and exit point?
-mean maximum angulation?

A

1.3mm deviation (cranial) entry point
1.8mm deviation from evit point
5 degrees

20
Q

Chan JFMS 2020
Treatment of humeral condylar fractures and humeral intracondylar fissures in cats with patellar fracture and dental anomaly syndrome

-what % PADS cats hat humeral intracondylar fracture?

A

8.7% humeral intracondylar fractures in PADS cats

21
Q

Raleigh, vet surg 2021
Influence of interlocking thread screws to repair simulated adult canine humeral condylar fractures

-what was the effect of compact flute drill bit compared to standard flute drill bits?
-which screw was insertion torque greater for?
-which screw resisted greatest loads and had lesser fragment rotation at failure?

A

ompact flute required 20N more torque and generated 6 degrees more heat

-insertion torque greater for interlocking thread screw

interlocking thread screw

22
Q

Pardo 2021
Accuracy of medial-to-lateral transcondylar screw placement using an aiming device and preoperative computer tomography planning for the treatment of humeral intracondylar fissure

-what were planned entry and exit points?
-how many intraarticular screws?
-% placed within 2mm of planned?

A

0.3X HCD cranial and 0.2xHCD distal to medial epicondyle, 0.3x HCD cranial and distal to lateral epicondyle

-1/34 intra articular

-38% within 2mm of planned trajectory

23
Q

Creheut, vet surg 2021
Biomechanical comparison of humeral condyles with experimental intracondylar fissures immobilized with a transcondylar positional or a lag screw: An ex-vivo study in dogs

-which screw performed better?

-what was failure method?

A

-4.5mm positional screw better than lag

-fracture of medial condyle/ distal metaphysis

24
Q

Jenkins, vet surg 2022
Medial epicondylar fissure fracture as a complication of transcondylar screw placement for the treatment of humeral intracondylar fissure

-what was the incidence of medial epicondylar fissure fracture?
-what was the effect of it?
-what maximum size transcondylar screw recommended to decrease riskmedial epicondylar fissure fracture?

A

11% incidence
-increased risk of screw loosening
-Placing transcondylar screws with a diameter inferior to 41% of the height of the condyle is recommended to avoid MEFF

25
Q

Danielski, vet surg 2022
Humero-anconeal elbow incongruity in spaniel breed dogs with humeral intracondylar fissure: Arthroscopic findings

-what arthroscopic port?
-what was the finding

A

-caudomedial port, midpoint between epicondyle and olecranon

-cartilage lesion caudal aspect humeral condyle, incongruity with anconeus contacting cartilage lesion

26
Q

Anderson, vet surg 2023
Humeral condylar fractures and fissures in the French bulldog

-what % had a HIF
-what increased the risk of major complications?

A

-58% HIF
-7.6x more likely to have major complication compared to other methods

27
Q

Burton vet surg 2023
Design and topographic evaluation of a canine humeral anatomic plating system (CHAPS) for humeral condylar fracture repair in spaniels

-to nearest % what was the screw interference between medial and lateral plates?

A

2%

28
Q

Neal, vet surg 2023
The effect of an aiming device on the accuracy of humeral transcondylar screw placement

-how was screw trajectory angle affected by aiming device and fluoroscopy?
-whicih complication noted with fluoroscopy?
-which group had increased risk of joint penetration (and by how much)

A

-trajectory angle decreased in aiming device compared to fluoroscopy
-fluoroscopy had increased drill attempts
-aiming device 8 times more likely (but not significant)

29
Q

Williams JSAP 2020
Multi-centre retrospective study of the long-term outcome following suspected traumatic elbow luxation in 32 cats

-what was the most common technique?
-what % cats luxate with closed reduction?

A

transcondylar bone tunnels
-61% reluxate closed reduction

reluxation occurred most commonly with closed reduction. No luxation with open reduction and fixation

30
Q

Wennemuth, VCOT 2020
Computed Tomography Enhances Diagnostic Accuracy in Challenging Medial Coronoid Disease Cases: An Imaging Study in Dog Breeding Appeal Cases

-what was the sensitivity and specificity of radiography when compared to CT for medial coronoid disease second opinions?
-what factor increased likelihood of false negative on radiographs

A

84% and 84%
-fissure line

31
Q

Gander Soares VCOT 2023
Bone density of the humeral condyle in Labrador retrievers with medial coronoid process disease

-what abnormality was associated with higher HU in medial and lateral humeral condyle

A

apical fragments, not radial incisure fragments,.

31
Q

McCarthy, VCOt 2020
Elbow Arthrodesis Using a Medially Positioned Plate in 6 Dogs

-What was the mean angle of arthrodesis?
-imaging available for 5. how many achieved complete arthrodesis?

A

118 degrees
4/5 complete arthrodesis

31
Q

Garofolo, VCOT 2019
Articulated joint distraction in a cadaveric model of the canine elbow

-in an articulated ESF with distraction, what distance distraction was required to eliminate joint contact?

A

3.6mm distraction

32
Q

Sasaki, vet surg 2020
Traumatic medial luxation of the triceps brachii tendon with medial subluxation of the elbow joint in a dog

-what was found on campbells test?
-what surgery was performed?

A

-increase in supination
-stopper pin, medial release, lateral imbrication, transcondylar screw with nylon antirotational suture through ulnar bone tunnel. post op spica 12d

33
Q

Danielski, vet surg 2022
Complications after proximal abducting ulnar osteotomy and prognostic factors in 66 dogs

-overall complication rate?
-major complication rate?
-most common complication?
-variable associated with increased risk of post-op complications?

A

26% complications overall
18% major complications
Non - union
Increasing bodyweight associated with increased risk

34
Q

Berger vet surg 2023
The use of subchondral bone topography to approximate the center of rotation of the elbow joint in dogs

-what difference was there in center of rotation of elbow joint in dogs with MCD?

A

CENTER OF ROTATION MORE CAUDAL

Bone (11 decks)

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