target release- part 1

Question 1

what are 3 main reasons for oral use?

Answer 1

-Systemic delivery of drug for many non-GI specific conditions
-Treating GI conditions
Unused medicines cost the NHS around £300 million every year less waste more adherence

Question 2

what are some challenges for oral route?

Answer 2

• Taste masking drugs with an unpleasant or bitter taste
• Patients with swallowing difficulties
• Low bioavailability via oral route of “problematic” drug

Question 3

what are some innovations for oral drugs that are new?

Answer 3

modulating solubility, exploiting windows of absorption and
increasing bioavailability in a robust manner to attempt a
more predictable outcome

Question 4

what are some principles to consider with the gut for drugs?

Answer 4

• the gut is designed to process food and some
component of the drug’s absorption profile is likely
to be affected by the sequence of meals.
• if the drug concentration is sufficiently low, it may be
processed by the protective guardians that reduce
exposure.

Question 5

what organ is a major site for nutrient absorption?

Answer 5

small intestine

Question 6

what is the BCS classification measuring?

Answer 6

-solubility
-permeability
-dissolving
of the drug

Question 7

what factors will affect the rate of tablet empying after its been ingested?

Answer 7

posture, volume of fluid taken and
the calorific value of food taken
before or with the dosing

Question 8

what affects pellets and disintegrated dosage forms empty from the stomach as either a
series of pulses?

Answer 8

if they are fasted or will be distributed in the meal when fed

Question 9

why may oral controlled release be nescessary?

Answer 9

• biological factors like site of action
• physcio-chemical factors like acid lability
• therapeutic requirements like timing and chronotherapy

Question 10

why may oral controlled release be necessary?

Answer 10

• biological factors like site of action
• physcio-chemical factors like acid lability
• therapeutic requirements like timing and chronotherapy

Question 11

what are the 4 different working mechanisms for controlled release?

Answer 11

• Monolith devices (solid “all-in-one” matrix)
• Membrane limited systems (film coating)
• Multi-particulate systems
• Gastro-retentive systems (flowing or bioadhesive)

Question 12

what is the colon?

Answer 12

also known as the large intestine

Question 13

whats the function of the colon?

Answer 13

remove water