Taping Principles

Question 1

what is the principle you follow after an immediate injury and why

Answer 1

POLICE
Protection
Optimal
Loading
Ice
Compression
Elevation
to control bleeding, limit swelling and prevent further injury

Question 2

types of taping technique

Answer 2

joint protection taping
muscle protecting taping
biomechanical correction taping

Question 3

for what injury is the joint protection taping for

Answer 3

ligamentous sprains

Question 4

for what injury is muscle protection taping for

Answer 4

muscle strains
contusions

Question 5

for what injury is biomechanical correction taping

Answer 5

correct abnormal
soft tissue re-alignment
facilitation of muscle activity
inhibition of muscle activity

Question 6

type of tape

Answer 6

elastic - good compression/support qualities
provide anchors around muscle - hold protective pads
rigid/inelastic - good tensile properties , used to secure ends of elastic tape/reinforce

Question 7

what type of injuries is elastic tape used for

Answer 7

for injured contractile tissue - muscle

Question 8

what type of injuries is rigid/inelastic tape used for

Answer 8

non-contractile tissue e.g. ligaments, joint capsules
to secure ends of elastic tape

Question 9

describe the properties of rigid/elastic tape

Answer 9

zinc oxide
air permeable
strong adhesive backing
higher quality = higher thread count
+/- hypoallergenic

Question 10

list the types of elastic tape

Answer 10

adhesive
cohesive

Question 11

describe properties of adhesive elastic tape

Answer 11

sticks to skin
stretches longitudinally
better compression quality than tensile strength

Question 12

describe properties of cohesive elastic tape

Answer 12

sticks to itself rather than skin
re-usable

Question 13

disadvantages of inelastic tape

Answer 13

cant apply with acute welling
requires skin protection
possible negative impact on circulation/lymphatic

Question 14

what padding material is available to use with taping

Answer 14

foam or fibre based
polyester urethane foam
orthopaedic felt - with slight vaseline

Question 15

purpose of padding material

Answer 15

protect bony prominence/areas of high friction
protect skin and superificial tendions e.g. anterior ankle

Question 16

what will be included in your clinical assessment before applying taping

Answer 16

hx injury - MOI, damaged structure, degree of injury, stage of healing
what structure needs support/protection
injured structure to be protected in shortened position
movement needs restriction
body area - skin condition, sensation, circulation, allergies

Question 17

describe the preparation process of taping

Answer 17

shave - increase adhesion, reduce irritation, reduce build up
make sure skin is clean and dry
cover cuts and abrasions w/ dressing/vaseline
apply taping base - use adhesive spray
underwrap/padding if applicable

Question 18

how is the skin taped

Answer 18

contact b/w skin and tape = firm and even prevent excessive movement
apply tape in strips
overlap successive strips by half the width - ensures no gap with movements
continuous
continuous for less tension but for protection

Question 19

what is assessed following the taping

Answer 19

comparing movement with tape on
is pain or stress reduced with protective taping
is movement less symptomatic with biomechanical taping
circulation - capillary refill test - compress for a few seconds and blood is refilled within 2-3 seconds

Question 20

what should be avoided with taping

Answer 20

excessive skin traction
gaps & wrinkles – blisters
continuous circumferential taping – single strips produce more uniform pressure
excessive layers – neurovascular bundle compromise
too tight over bony areas

Question 21

anchor definition and purpose

Answer 21

provides a firm base to
attach other tape
Elastic around large muscle
Inelastic

Question 22

reins definition and purpose

Answer 22

a strip of tape travelling between 2 anchor points
They relieve stress from ligaments or perform the actions which a muscle would perform if it were to contract.

Question 23

definition and purpose of stirrups

Answer 23

a vertical u shape tape
They relieve stress from ligaments or perform the actions which a muscle would perform if it were to contract.

Question 24

definition and purpose of casting strips

Answer 24

tape used to make reins secure
Function = more support / to close

Question 25

definition and purpose lock taping

Answer 25

inelastic tape which secures anatomical structure
Every piece of tape should have a purpose

Question 26

how is tape removed

Answer 26

Use scissors or cutters with blunt tip
Follow soft tissues not bone

Teach athlete proper removal technique
Peel skin from tape – DON’T RIP (see video)

Cleanse skin to remove adhesive residue

Treat skin irritations and wounds promptly

Question 27

what are the possible adverse chemical reaction

Answer 27

Allergic reactions
Prevent / recognise / advise / treat
Investigate other materials / braces

Question 28

what are the possible adverse mechanical reaction

Answer 28

Drag exceeds elastic properties of skin
skin blisters at margins
Gaps in tape
Cubital / Popliteal Fossa

Question 29

what are the possible adverse circulatory reaction

Answer 29

Swelling causes tightness
Do not put inelastic tape on a very acute injury
Avoid repeated circulatory strips without tearing
Prevent/educate
Avoid too much tape

Question 30

contraindications for taping

Answer 30

Lack of full assessment
Reduced blood flow (capillary refill)
Reduced circulation
Known tape allergy
Open wound
Loss of sensation
Active infection e.g. cellulitis

Question 31

describe benefits of taping mechanism

Answer 31

pain relief - rest injured tissue from tensile strength or contractile activity
reduction of movement
skin stimulation - cutaneous reflexes/sensation enhances proprioception
unload tissue - reduce tissue stress by offloading muscle

Question 32

what were the main findings in the 2018 Consensus statement on exercise therapyand physical interventions for patellofemoral pain

Answer 32

exercise therapy - reduce pain, improve function
combining hip and knee exercises reduce pain and improve function
combined intervention (patellar taping and foot orthosis- recommended to relieve symptoms short term)
no long term effect in patellar taping