Intro to Women's Health Flashcards
define obstetrics
Concerned with pregnancy, childbirth and post natal period
define gynaecology
Concerned with health of the female reproductive system
define gestation
Period of development inside the womb between conception and birth. 40
weeks. If you are 20 weeks pregnant it is written as 20/40
define ante natal
before baby is born
define post natal
immediately after birth until 6-8 weeks
define full term pregnancy
37-39 weeks out of 40
define pre term birth
baby born before 37 wks
define EDD
estimated date of delivery
define LMP
Last menstrual period
define Gravida
number of pregnancies
first pregnancy = gravida 1 or G1
define parity
number of times a woman has given birth
e.g. if you have 2 children para 2 or P2
Length of pregnancy symptoms and formation of embryo at first trimester
week 1-12
nausea vomiting, urinary frequency and fatigue
all foetal organs form by 13/52
what is the length of pregnancy, symptoms and foetal development stage in the 2nd trimester
wks 13-26
aware of foetal movements, abdominal striae, heartburn, LBP, varicose veins, colostrum production
what is the length of pregnancy
symptoms of pregnancy and stage of foetal development in third trimester
27-40 wks
increased swellning, water retention, sleeping problems, increase pelvic pressure, braxton hick contractions
braxton hicks contractions
sporadic contractions and relaxation of the uterine muscle that occur in preparation of labour but does not indicate that labour is happening
how does changes in progesterone levels affect pregnancy
relax smooth muscle tone - constipation
reflux - heartburn
breast development
increased body temp
how does relaxin affect pregnancy
relaxes ligaments
allows uterus to distend and cervix to soften
how does oestrogen affect pregnancy
vascularise uterus-placenta
develop fetus and milk ducts
water retention
how does reproductive system change during pregnancy
cervix changes
uterine growth
amenorrhoea - absence of menstrual period
how does CVS change during pregnancy
blood volume inc. by 40%
anaemia
CO inc. BY 30-50%
Supine hypotension
warm extremities
LL oedema
how does respiratory system change during pregnancy
Inc RR
TV inc. by 40%
Diaphragm displaced by uterus raised 4cm
Increased subcostal angle chest widens 2cm
how does the urinary system change during pregnancy
kidneys enlarge by 1cm
increased urinary output
urge and stress incontinence
how does the GI system change during pregnancy
morning sickness/hyperemesis
reflux- heartburn
lower oesophageal function impaired - inc. progresterone and oestrogen and displacement of stomach
poor digestion
how does the nervous system change during pregnancy
can be prone to compression of distal nerve - Carpal Tunnel syndrome
anxiety
insomnia
slight reduction in cogntive ability and amnesia
how does MSK system change during pregnnacy
centre of gravity changes
posture - increased thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis, reduced lumbar segmental stability
inhibition of DNF,
tightness of pecs
inhibition of glutes
diastasis of rectus abdominus
what breast changes are expected during pregnancy
blood supply visible
painful
colostrum leakage
inc. weight
what skin changes are expected during pregnancy
increased sebum production
melasma
increased pigmentation of face, abdomen and linea nigra
stretch marks
what would be considered underweight weight gain during pregnancy
12.5-18kg
what would be considered normal weight gain during pregnancy
11.5-16kg
what would be considered overweight gain during pregnancy
7-11.5kg
what is considered obese gain during pregnancy
5-9kg
describe symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome
compression of median nerve - thumb, index, middle finger
grip weakness and loss of fine finger movements
typical cause of carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy
fluid retention/peripheral oedema
what causes thoracic pain in pregnancy
postural changes - inc. kyphosis
inc breast weight
subcostal angle inc. 35 degrees
pressure from uterus
meralgia paresthetica
lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy
symptoms of meralgia paresthetica
sensory disturbance due to nerve compression cross under inguinal ligament at ASIS
numb burning tingling pain
worsened when standing or walking
pain improved after delivery
what is facial nerve palsy
compression of cranial nerve VII
unilateral
signs and symptoms of facial nerve palsy
loss of sensation of 1/2 of face,
loss of taste,
can’t close eye, difficulty eating, drinking, speaking
treatment for facial nerve palsy
steroids
exercises
definition of pelvic girdle pain
Classed as pain between the
iliac crest and gluteal fold and around SIJ
treatment info videos
https://rotunda.ie/parent-education/resources/
describe bowel changes during pregnancy
constipation
haemorrhoids
possible complications during pregnancy
foetal development issues
miscarriage
polyhydramnios
oligohydramnios
hyperemesis
ectopic pregnancy
define polyhydramnios
increased amniotic fluid
define oligohydramnios
reduced amniotic fluid
placenta praevia
placenta implanted can cover the cervix
can be partial - partial covering the cervix
or total completely obstructs cervix
https://www.babycenter.com/pregnancy/health-and-safety/placenta-previa_830
types of birth delivery
spontaneous vaginal delivery
instrumental delivery - forceps/vaccum
C section
what is episiotomy
incisions made in vaginal opening and anus to aid in delivery of baby
https://theobgynmum.com/what-is-an-episiotomy/
what are the indications for an elective C section
Eclampsia
Diabetes
serious illness
previous c section
placenta praevia
multiple births,
malpresentation
severe IUGR
what are the indications for an emergency C section
antepartum hemorrhage,
foetal/maternal distress,
failed trial of forceps,
failure to progress,
prolapse of cord
possible complications post partum
post partum haemorrhage
manual removal of placenta
infection
uterine rupture
venous thrombosis/PE
