Intro to Women's Health Flashcards by Kelliane Tambe

define obstetrics

Concerned with pregnancy, childbirth and post natal period

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define gynaecology

Concerned with health of the female reproductive system

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define gestation

Period of development inside the womb between conception and birth. 40
weeks. If you are 20 weeks pregnant it is written as 20/40

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define ante natal

before baby is born

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define post natal

immediately after birth until 6-8 weeks

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define full term pregnancy

37-39 weeks out of 40

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define pre term birth

baby born before 37 wks

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define EDD

estimated date of delivery

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define LMP

Last menstrual period

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define Gravida

number of pregnancies
first pregnancy = gravida 1 or G1

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define parity

number of times a woman has given birth
e.g. if you have 2 children para 2 or P2

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Length of pregnancy symptoms and formation of embryo at first trimester

week 1-12
nausea vomiting, urinary frequency and fatigue
all foetal organs form by 13/52

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what is the length of pregnancy, symptoms and foetal development stage in the 2nd trimester

wks 13-26
aware of foetal movements, abdominal striae, heartburn, LBP, varicose veins, colostrum production

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what is the length of pregnancy
symptoms of pregnancy and stage of foetal development in third trimester

27-40 wks
increased swellning, water retention, sleeping problems, increase pelvic pressure, braxton hick contractions

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braxton hicks contractions

sporadic contractions and relaxation of the uterine muscle that occur in preparation of labour but does not indicate that labour is happening

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how does changes in progesterone levels affect pregnancy

relax smooth muscle tone - constipation
reflux - heartburn
breast development
increased body temp

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how does relaxin affect pregnancy

relaxes ligaments
allows uterus to distend and cervix to soften

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how does oestrogen affect pregnancy

vascularise uterus-placenta
develop fetus and milk ducts
water retention

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how does reproductive system change during pregnancy

cervix changes
uterine growth
amenorrhoea - absence of menstrual period

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how does CVS change during pregnancy

blood volume inc. by 40%
anaemia
CO inc. BY 30-50%
Supine hypotension
warm extremities
LL oedema

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how does respiratory system change during pregnancy

Inc RR
TV inc. by 40%
Diaphragm displaced by uterus raised 4cm
Increased subcostal angle chest widens 2cm

how does the urinary system change during pregnancy

kidneys enlarge by 1cm
increased urinary output
urge and stress incontinence

how does the GI system change during pregnancy

morning sickness/hyperemesis
reflux- heartburn
lower oesophageal function impaired - inc. progresterone and oestrogen and displacement of stomach
poor digestion

how does the nervous system change during pregnancy

can be prone to compression of distal nerve - Carpal Tunnel syndrome
anxiety
insomnia
slight reduction in cogntive ability and amnesia

how does MSK system change during pregnnacy

centre of gravity changes posture - increased thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis, reduced lumbar segmental stability inhibition of DNF, tightness of pecs inhibition of glutes diastasis of rectus abdominus

what breast changes are expected during pregnancy

blood supply visible painful colostrum leakage inc. weight

what skin changes are expected during pregnancy

increased sebum production melasma increased pigmentation of face, abdomen and linea nigra stretch marks

what would be considered underweight weight gain during pregnancy

12.5-18kg

what would be considered normal weight gain during pregnancy

11.5-16kg

what would be considered overweight gain during pregnancy

7-11.5kg

what is considered obese gain during pregnancy

5-9kg

describe symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome

compression of median nerve - thumb, index, middle finger grip weakness and loss of fine finger movements

typical cause of carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy

fluid retention/peripheral oedema

what causes thoracic pain in pregnancy

postural changes - inc. kyphosis inc breast weight subcostal angle inc. 35 degrees pressure from uterus

meralgia paresthetica

lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy

symptoms of meralgia paresthetica

sensory disturbance due to nerve compression cross under inguinal ligament at ASIS numb burning tingling pain worsened when standing or walking pain improved after delivery

what is facial nerve palsy

compression of cranial nerve VII unilateral

signs and symptoms of facial nerve palsy

loss of sensation of 1/2 of face, loss of taste, can't close eye, difficulty eating, drinking, speaking

treatment for facial nerve palsy

steroids exercises

definition of pelvic girdle pain

Classed as pain between the iliac crest and gluteal fold and around SIJ

treatment info videos

https://rotunda.ie/parent-education/resources/

describe bowel changes during pregnancy

constipation haemorrhoids

possible complications during pregnancy

foetal development issues miscarriage polyhydramnios oligohydramnios hyperemesis ectopic pregnancy

define polyhydramnios

increased amniotic fluid

define oligohydramnios

reduced amniotic fluid

placenta praevia

placenta implanted can cover the cervix can be partial - partial covering the cervix or total completely obstructs cervix https://www.babycenter.com/pregnancy/health-and-safety/placenta-previa_830

types of birth delivery

spontaneous vaginal delivery instrumental delivery - forceps/vaccum C section

what is episiotomy

incisions made in vaginal opening and anus to aid in delivery of baby https://theobgynmum.com/what-is-an-episiotomy/

what are the indications for an elective C section

Eclampsia Diabetes serious illness previous c section placenta praevia multiple births, malpresentation severe IUGR

what are the indications for an emergency C section

antepartum hemorrhage, foetal/maternal distress, failed trial of forceps, failure to progress, prolapse of cord

possible complications post partum

post partum haemorrhage manual removal of placenta infection uterine rupture venous thrombosis/PE