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Physiotherapy Across Lifespan I > Paediatrics: Typical Development > Flashcards

Paediatrics: Typical Development Flashcards

1
Q

dynamic system theory

A

body functions as a complex dynamic sustem (visual, MSK, vestibular)
organise movement based on person, environment and task
non linear development process and change in one sub-system can alter the motor behaviour

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2
Q

motor control definition

A

Ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to
movement

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3
Q

reflex hiecarchy theory

A

integration of reflexes responsible for postural and movement control
more functional postural and voluntary responses with time

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4
Q

neonatal reflexes?

A

neonatal reflexes do not disappear but become integrated and cortical centres taken over by lower brain centres to complete more complex motor functions

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5
Q

examples of primitive reflexes

A

oral - rooting, sucking, snout
auditory - startled by sounds
tactile - grasp hand
attitudinal reflexes
righting reflexes - body on head, neck on body
balance - postural fixation, tilting

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6
Q

what aspect of the CNS controls the the primitive reflex

A

brainstem

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7
Q

how does the primitive reflex change

A

is inhibtted and becomes a cortically controlled response

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8
Q

what is indicated if an adult still has these primitve response

A

neurologically something may be wrong

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9
Q

how does auditor startle reflex work

A

primitive reflex
sudden auditory noise - automatic response
head and trunk extensions
arms combined elbow extension with shoulder abduction

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10
Q

what system in the body is responding to the moro/startle audtory reflex

A

vestibular

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11
Q

when does the moro (startle) reflex disappear

A

3-4/12

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12
Q

in what population do we see a reduction in the moro/startle auditory reflex

A

floppy babies - hypotonia
asymmetrical in BPL or hemiplegia

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13
Q

what is the placing reflex

A

anterior tibia placed in fron of edge of table
baby should lift left and place it ontop of table

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14
Q

walking reflex

A

placing the sole of the foot of a baby initiates recirpocal flexion and extension of legs - walking

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15
Q

at what age does the walking reflex disappear

A

5-6/52

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16
Q

symmetrical tonic neck reflex

A

test in 4 point kneeling
flexion of head => UL flexion + LL extension
extension of head => UL extension and LL flexion
https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=RXyDhQrnhog

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17
Q

when is the symmetrical tonic neck reflex present

A

present from 4-12 months

18
Q

if the symmetrical tonic neck reflex is present sfter 12 months what does it indicate

A

may indicate cerebral palsy

19
Q

tonic labyrinthine reflex

A

inc. extensor tone in supine
inc. flexor tone prone
https://bloccupationaltherapy.wordpress.com/tonic-labyrinthine-reflex-tlr/

20
Q

how long is the tonic labyrinthine reflex pattern present

A

present up to 6 months

21
Q

asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

A

baby in supine
head turned to one side
arm and leg extended in direction of head
arm and leg flexed on contralateral rotation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UWqafotPxTg

22
Q

righting reactions

A

ability to maintain the head and body in relation to space and parts of body in relation to each other
Baby responds to an externally imposed change to the
position of one body segment by moving other segments
into line.

23
Q

name example of optical right reactions

A

orients the head to visual vertical

24
Q

name example of labyrinthine right reactions

A

orients the head in response to vestibular signals

25
Q

name example of body on head right reactions

A

orients the head to vertical

26
Q

name example of landau right reactions

A

combines all optical, labyrinthine and body on head right reaction

27
Q

landau response

A

if suspended in prone hold head parallel to trunk momentarily
2/12 old - maintain position
4-5/12 old extend head and trunk
6-8/12 old extended legs
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FXSS0GibDyBk%2Fhqdefault.jpg&tbnid=4zDKDvhJhjBWRM&vet=12ahUKEwiE0-2PotyBAxVFXkEAHVo_DQgQMygEegQIARB9..i&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DXSS0GibDyBk&docid=Rb9LvH2eoGjS9M&w=480&h=360&q=landau%20response&ved=2ahUKEwiE0-2PotyBAxVFXkEAHVo_DQgQMygEegQIARB9

28
Q

what is the expected labyrinthine reflex at birth

A

complete head lag

29
Q

what is expected labyrinthine reflex at birth at 12 wks

A

slight head lag

30
Q

what is expected labyrinthine reflex at birth at 16 wks

A

no head lag

31
Q

neck righting

A

Rotate baby’s head to one side.
* Trunk follows head and baby rolls over

32
Q

when is neck righting most present in babies

A

at 3/12

33
Q

how would one complete the parachute reaction

A

baby is held at trunk and lowered head first
response - arms extended and hands reach for floor

34
Q

at what age is parachute reaction present in children

A

6-9/12

35
Q

what information is obtained from testing certain reflexes

A

may form basis for motor control
set background t assess and treat children with development problems

36
Q

what development process is complete i the first quarter of the first year

A

cephalo-caudad
head control develops,
load bearing surfaces shift caudally

37
Q

what development process is complete i the second quarter of the first year

A

arm control and upper trunk

38
Q

what development process is complete i the third quarter of the first year

A

control of lower trunk and pelvis in upright positions

39
Q

what development process is complete i the final quarter of the first year

A

improved lower limb control control w/ upright stances and posture control

40
Q

at what age does precision gripping emerge in children

A

4-50 wks

41
Q

at what age does the grasp reflex disappear

A

2-3/12

42
Q
A

Physiotherapy Across Lifespan I (14 decks)

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