SRI Prevention Flashcards
describe the injury prevention paradigm
Primary
Prevention of first injury occurring
Secondary
Early diagnosis
Limit development of disability – initial treatment
Reduce risk of immediate re-injury
Tertiary
Restoration of function – rehabilitation
Reduce / correct an existing impairment / disability attributed to an underlying disease e.g. poor balance in CAI
explain the injury causation model
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Comprehensive-Model-for-Injury-Causation-Krosshaug-Bahr-2005_fig1_262891278
internal risk factors influence the injuries an athlete is predisposed to
external risk factors can cause an athlete to be susceptible to certain injuries
an inciting incident e.g player behaviour, biomechanical description lead to an injury
give examples of internal risk factors that can predispose an athlete to certain injuries according to the bahr and Krosshaug injury causation model
age
sex
body composition
health
anatomy
give examples of EXternal risk factors that can predispose an athlete to certain injuries according to the bahr and Krosshaug injury causation model
Sports factors e.g coaching, rules
protective equipment e.g helmet
spots equipment e.g shoes, skis
environment e.g weather
describe the four step sequence of injury prevention
- establish extent of injury - incidence and severity
- establish aetiology and MOI
- introduce preventive measure
- Assess effectiveness by repeating step 1
research process for injury prevention
Identify Aetiology Of Injury / Characteristics Of Injured Subjects
Compare With Un-injured Cohort To Identify Key Characteristics’
Prevalence In Injured Group
what are the event risk factors of concussion in rugby
Tackle technique
what are the personal risk factors of concussion in rugby
Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) (Johnston 2019)
Movement control
Neck strength
Cervical Proprioception – re-position error from rotn
what are world rugby contact load management guidelines
balance performance and injury risk
lower contact loads
avoid injuries
minimise negative consequences
optimised through planning
prepare players
full contact training max 15 mins/week 2/7
controlled contact training max 40mins/wk
live set piece training max 30mins/wk
what are the modifiable risk factors for hamstring strain
Eccentric weakness pre-season (esp. asymmetry)
Muscle imbalance: low H:Q ratio (<80%)
Muscle fatigue
Single leg bridge cut off < 25 reps. (R) side
Muscle tightness: cause / effect?
Insufficient warm-up
Previous injury (esp. in last yr)
risk factors for recurrence of hamstring strain
Biceps Femoris injury
Tear size on MRI
Stretch injury > deceleration injury
Previous ipsi ACL reconstruction
Risk Factors for Lower Extremity MuscleInjury in Professional Soccer adductors and hamstrings
adductors
player related factors e.g previous adductor injury, goalkeeper,
match related - away match
hamstring
player related - previous hamstring injury, goalkeeper
match related - away, fall, winter, spring period
Risk Factors for Lower Extremity MuscleInjury in Professional Soccer for quads and calf
quads
player related - previous quads injury, previous adductor injury, previous calf injury, goal keeper
match related - UEFA champions league
calf
player related factors
previous calf, adductor, hamstring injury, goalkeeper, olderplayer
match related - UEFA champions league
match related - UEFA champions league
what return to sport tests must be used after ACL reconstruction
isokinetic test
single hop
triple hop
triple crossover hop
on-field sports specific rehab
running t tests
what criteria must be fulfilled for successful safe return to sport
psychological readiness of player
performance and functional tests
strength tests - hams and quads weakness H:Q ratio
modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors
time factor
secondary prevention strategy for ACL reconstruction
motor learning may have the potential to support neuroplastic processes
squat
running - bend knees while landing
vertical jump - bend knees before you jump, explosively extend hips, knees and ankles and propel balls of feet to jump straight up
countermovement jump - stand feet shoulder width apart, bend your knees before you jump,
what factors are used to customize prevention
athlete’s injury history
most common injuries within the sport
athletes pre season screening results
existing sport specific prevention program guidelines
describe FIFA 11+ injury prevention programme
complete warm up programme to reduce all injuries among male and female football players
dose at least x2/week 20mins to complete
intervention P1. running exercises at a slow speed combined w/ active stretching, controlled partner contacts
P2. 6 sets of exercises, focus core, legs strength, balance and plyometrics, agility each w/ 3 levels of increasing difficulty
P3. running exercises at moderate/high speed combined with planting/cutting movements
describe the epidemiology of LL injuries in GAA Camogie
71.4% LL injuries
23.8% thigh
19% knee and
9.5% ankle
describe GAA 15 structure of warmup
3 sections of 6 types with 19 total exercises
Section 1 Max 5mins
Part A - running exercises at slow speed
Section 2 max 7mins - improve mechanics and limit risk of injury
B - strengthening exercises on core and legs
C - Balance and controlled partner contacts
D - Jumping
E - Hamstrings
Section 3 Sports specific movement max 3mins
F - sports specific exercise moderate/high speed
what exercise elements should be combined for ankle injuries according to research
strength
balance
agility
stretching
warm up
plyometric
*with the most evidence
what exercise elements should be combined for lower extremity injuries according to research
balance
strength
stretch
warm up plyometric
what exercise elements should be combined for knee injuries according to research
strength
balance
agility
what is the key message for athletes/coaches to take for injury prevention
injury prevention = performance optimisation
