Tanzania: Rise to Power

Question 1

Colonial Legacy

Answer 1

• Lack of development from colonial exploitation
• Uneven development
• Ethnic and tribal division
• Education was underdeveloped

Question 2

Decolonisation (4)

Answer 2

• July 1954:
  TANU established with Julius Nyerere as president

1960:
- TANU was leading party in Tanzania

1961:
- Tanganyika became free

1963:
- Zanzibar and Tanganyika become the Republic of Tanzania with Nyerere as president

Question 3

TANU

Answer 3

1965 - Constitution made it a one-party state

TANU accepted anyone to be in their party
Elections held where people could vote ministers in and out of power
TANU had the Leadership Code which restricted how leaders could act as they had to set the example
Many leaders were teachers, farmers and traders with a diverse background.

Question 4

Nyerere

Answer 4

Political:

• One party state: democracy slowed down progress
• Didn’t promote tribalism
• Economic self-reliance, implemented socialism

Question 5

Arusha Declaration (1967)

Answer 5

• Commitment to socialism
• Self-reliance, frugality based on African socialism
• Ujamaa
• War on poverty and inequality. Education became a focus
• Nationalisation and villagisation done to increase productivity

Question 6

Early Years

Answer 6

• Only transitioned to socialism five years in

- Still had some foreign investment

Question 7

Villagisation

Answer 7

• Creation of large collective villages with farms that would supposedly increase productivity and create self-reliance
• People forcibly moved in
• Shared resources
• 11 million people forced into 8000 villages between 73 and 77 (Operation Vijiji).

Question 8

Failures of Ujamaa

Answer 8

• Overcrowded
• Poor soil quality
• Drought in 1973 and 1974 led to food shortages and a decline in productivity

Question 9

Nationalisation failures

Answer 9

• Businesses monitored by National Development Corporation
• Civil service ballooned and ran at losses
• Income levels dropped in 70s
• Businesses went bankrupt because of YKW, cash crop (coffee, sisal) was dropping worldwide
• Country fell into redevelopment, SOL dropped

Question 10

Problems in the 80s

Answer 10

• Wanted loans from IMF and WB but didn’t like concessions
• Forced to implement austerity measures to save economy
• Had to borrow money to buy food, serious trouble