CMC: Part 3

Question 1

Kennedy Results (3)

Answer 1

• Victory
• Silenced critics in the Pentagon
• Showed that he was a resolute and strong leader and bolstered his reputation. Commended for his brinkmanship

Question 2

Khrushchev Results (4)

Answer 2

• Defeat
• Removal of Jupiter missiles was confidential so it looked like the USSR had just backed down
• Damaging for his rule and his reputation in the Praesidium. The leaders saw his rule as damaging to the USSR
• Actions culminated in his fall from power on 14 October 1964

Question 3

Further results (5)

Answer 3

• The US took the compromise as justification to stand up to the USSR whenever.
• 28 October 1962 CBS report called it a humiliating defeat for Soviet policy.
• Quarantine continued until Soviets agreed to remove IL-28 bombers from Cuba and it was ended on the November 28
• Jupiter missiles removed in April 1963
• Soviets reorganised their command structure and launch protocols such that officers could not launch without explicit permission from Moscow.

Question 4

China (3)

Answer 4

• Mao was unimpressed with the Soviets and referred to them as Paper Tigers while claiming to be the true leaders of the communist world.
• Mao thought Khrushchev mishandled the situation and was a coward for buckling to the West.
• Grew the Sino-Soviet Split

Question 5

International Allies (1)

Answer 5

• NATO was shocked on how little they were consulted during the emergency. Made them think that their opinions and safety were unimportant to the US.

Question 6

Cuba (3)

Answer 6

• Remained communist and highly armed
• POC had been breached as a result
• Castro was no longer a central figure and Cuba was watched by the US who feared they would spread communism beyond its borders.

Question 7

CW relations post Crisis (2)

Answer 7

• Improved
• Hotline between Washington and Moscow established to allow for direct, immediate and secure communication in the event of another crisis.

Question 8

Further results (4)

Answer 8

• Test Ban Treaty signed in 1963 banned above-ground testing.
• Non-Proliferation Treaty signed to halt the spread of nuclear weapons to other countries. USA and USSR took first steps in nuclear arms control with diplomatic discussions and a summit in 1967 in New Jersey.
• Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) and Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty negotiation in 1969
• Reinforced the notion that diplomatic discussions were key to US security policy.