Tactical Measures Fundamentals Flashcards
definition: Camoflage
use of concealment and disguise to minimize the possibility of detection and/or identification of troops, material, equipment, and installations
purpose of camouflage
to provide concealment of military objects from enemy observation including blending in to environment and/or making it look like something oelse
principle purpose of camouflage in the field
to prevent direct observation and recognition
how are objects recognized if camouflage is not utilized
form (outline)
shadow
texture
color
what is cover?
protection from the fire of hostile weapons
protection from the fire of hostile weapons
cover
definition: concealment
protection from observation or surveillance from hostile and and ground observation but not from hostile fire
2 main catagories of cover and conceal
natural
artificaial
concealment principles -9
remain motionless while observing (anything in motion attracts the eye)
use all available concealment
observe from the prone position (offers a low silhouette and makes detection by the enemy difficult)
expose nothing that reflects light
blend with the background b/c contrasting colors are noticable
remain in the shade b/c moving shadows attract attention
distort/change the regular outline of objects
most military objects have distinct shapes that makes them obvious shadows and silhoutees
avoid teh skyline. figures on the skyline can be seen from great distances and are easily ID by their outlines
why should you remain motionless while in concealment
anything in motion attracts the eye
best position for concealment
prone: low silhouette and makes detection by the enemy difficult
avoid the skyline
why should you remain in the shade when concealing yourself
moving shadows always attract attention
why should you think about colors when cocealing
blend in with the background b/c contrasting colors are noticable. remain in the shade
problems of using a firearm when you are concealing
- might need to fire through the object
- looking out & firing makes you a visible target.
what should you do if you are concealing and an aircraft flies overhead
prone, facedown, & motionless
*if surprised by the aircraft, don’t move or lookup
using paint or mud on skin if concealing
face, hands, back of neck…to reduce sun reflecting
SMEAC
Situation Mission Execution Adm9nistration Command
what is issued prior to the SMEAC order
map or terrain model orientation
format for an Offensive Operational Order
SMEAC
*each paragraph addresses specific topics relevant to the mission
“S” of SMEAC”
friendly & enemy situation information necessary for initial preparation
Friendly, enemy forces
friendly force information in the “S” section of the SMEAC
Friendly forces
- higher unit mission (task & commander’s intent)
- adjacent missions (task and intent)
- left, right, front, rear - supporting unit missions (task and intent)
“M” of SMEAC”
Mission
-task to be accomplished
-purpose (W’s/H)
a clear concise statement of the task the squad must accomplish
“E” of SMEAC
Execution
- commander’s intent & CONOPS (scheme of maneuver and fire support plan)
- subordinant element missions (main effort, supporting effort, reserve)
- coordinating instructions
“A” of SMEAC
Administration and logistics
*rations, amuinition, distribution point locations, corpsmen/adid stations, handling of POW, supply
“C” of SMEAC
command
chain of command (command succession)
location of key leaders
SALUTE
size, activity, location, unit, time, & equipment
***composition, disposition, and strength of the enemy
how to describe the enemy capabilitiues
SALUTE: size, activity, location, unit, time, & equipment
DRAW-D: defend, reinforce, attack, withdraw, & Delay
DRAW-D
defend, reinforce, attack, reinforce, withdraw, delay
questions you should ask about the mission
who, what, when, where, why
*a clear concise statement of waht the squad must accopmalish
SALUTE Report
size, activity, location, iunit, time, equipment
*information about what to report about the enemy
how should you report on the enemy
SALUTE report
(e,g. “seven enemy solidiers, unit unknown, traveling SW, crossed road junction on Black Ridge at 211300 August carrying one machine gun and one rocket launcher”
ILBE
Improved Load Bearing Equipment
FBPS
Family of Ballistic Protection Systems
IMTV
Improved Modular Tactical Vest
PC
Plate Carrier
ESAPI
Enhanced Small Arms Protective Inserts
LWH
Lightweight Helmet
EHC
ENhanced Combat Helmet
IBE
Improved Ballistic Eyewear
FSBE
Full Spectrum Battle Equipment
BASC
Body ARmor System Combat Equipment
MTV
Modular Tactical Vest
SPC
Scalable Plate Carrier
PoR
Program of REcord
facts about PC
Plate Carrier
*PC is the armor PoR
gov developed design that improves shoulder comfort and load carriage,
incorporates emergency release capability
shares 95% commonality w/IMTV
characteristics of Enhanced Combat Helmet
protective helmet consisting of a ballistic protective shell
[ad suspension system
4 point retention systemreversible helmet cover
night vision goggle bracket
atachment hardware
MCLEAP
Marine Corps Load Effects Assessment Program
intent behind the MSV
Modular Scalable Vest
*provide increased protection w/o weight costs while simulatenously improving individual mobility and combat effectiveness through smart load management and integration capabilities
ECSAPI
Enhanced Capability Small Arms Protective Inserts
ACH
Advanced Combat Helmet
FROG
Flame Resistent Gear
IWCS
Inclement Weather Combat Shirt
benefit of FROG gear
flame resistant to mitigate flash-flame exposure injuries from IED. and adverse weather conditions like rain/wind/show
RFP
Request for PRoposals
how are helmets camoflaged
by breaking up its shape, smooth surface, and shadows
can use mud if no helmet cover or burlap/cloth in a pinch
foliage added should not stick up like plumes b/c any head movement will give away the postiion
important thing to remember when you are using foliage to camoflage your head
do not have foliage stick up like plumes…your head positions will give away your poistion
good scout observation point
small think bush in teh shadow of a larger bush
problem of exposed skin if you need to be camoflagued
exposed skin reflects light and attracts enemy attention
(dark skin still has oils that attract light_
camoflaged colors for light-skin
loam and light green colors in all but snow
camoflaged colors for dark skinned troops
sand and light green
camoflaged colors for troops operating in snow
loam and white
how to paint the shiny spots on your face
forehead, cheekbone, nose, chin = with darker color
how do you paint the shadows on your face to camoflage
shadow areas (around eyes, under nose, under chin) are painted with a lighter color
how do you paint the back of your head if camoflaged
two color combo in an irregular pattern
how to paint your face for camoflage
shadows (under eyes, under nose, under chin) - light color shinny areas (nose, forehead, chin, cheekbones) dark color back of neck = two tone combo in an irregular pattern
options to use if camoflage paint is not available
burnt cork, charcoal, lamp black
*not MUD b/c that changes color as it dries, may peel out, has bacteria
why isn’t mud used for camoflage paint
changes color as it dries
may peel off leaving skin exposed
bacteria
how to camoflage your gun
the shape may be conspicuous
*break up the straight line. black electrical tape/mud, contrasting cloth/tape to break the regular outline. dull teh reglcting surface
suit for camoflage
ghillie suit
4 things to remember when camoflaging
- camo as soon as the space is occupied
- avoid using too much material
- check your work from the enemy vantage point
- too much natural material may make the object and its shadow stand out thus attracting
LZ space needed for helicopters
100x100 day
150x150 night
space needed for a UH-1 LZ
rotor blades = 50ft
LZ day = 150
LZ night = 200 (50 + 150)
space needed for a CH-46 LZ
rotor blades are 85 ft
day LZ 185
night LZ 235 (85+ 150)
space needed for a CH-53 LZ
rotor blades are 100 ft day 200ft (100 + 100) night 250 (100 _+150)
LZ slope for helicopters that requires additional planning
ideally flat LZ
incline of greater than 7 degrees
characteristics of helicopter LZ
free of dirt/dust/loose snow/rocks/dry grass
flat or incline less than 7 degrees
windspeeds for safe LZ
crosswinds under 10knots
tailwinds no more than 5 knots
Hand signal categories for Helicopters
Landing Direction Move Up/Down/Left/Right Lower Wheels Wave Off Hookup/Release Load
helicopter landing zone things to remember
Slope? Debris/wind direction alternative LZ in case enemy ID from air requirements for fire support
report from the scout
SPOTREP or SPOT report
purpose of a SPOT report
report timely intelligence or status regarding events that could have an immediate and significant effect on current and future ops
11 lines of the SPOT report
- Date Time Group
- Reporting Unit
3-8. SALUTE - Assessment (appearent reason for/purpose of hte activity observed
- free text report
- authentication
2 types of sketches scouts make
simple panoramic (picture to show elevatgion in prespective as seen from one point of observation
