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EMF Warfare Device > HIstory > Flashcards

HIstory Flashcards

1
Q

early nickname of the Marines

A

“Leathernecks”. b/c of the neckpiece that was part of the MC uniform between 1775-1875 that protected the jugular vein from sabre slashes and keeps the head erect to maintain military bearing
-commemorated by the standing collar on the dress uniforms

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2
Q

“Devil Dogs”

A

nickname given during the Belleau Wood (1918). germans named them “firece fighghting dogs of legendary orgin”

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3
Q

battle where the Marines earned the nickname “Devil Dogs”

A

Battle of Belleau Wood (1918)

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4
Q

espirit de corps

A

loyalty, pride, and enthusism for the unit shown by its members.
morale = individual
espirit de corps = unit spirity

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5
Q

difference between morale and espirit de corps

A

morale - individual attidue
espirit de corps: unit

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6
Q

characteristics of espirit de corps

A

unit cohesion
group solidarity
devotion/loyalty to the unit, all for which it stands, deep regard for hte unit’s history, traditions, honors
will to fight and win
military virtues: unselfishness, self-discipline, duty, honor, patriotism, courage

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7
Q

indications of espirit de corps

A
  • expressions on an individual level that show enthusism/pride for their unit
  • good reputation among other units
  • strong competitive spirity
  • wiling participation in team events
  • pride in hx/tyraidtiions of hte unit
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8
Q

“uncommon valor was a common virtue”

A

Admiral Nimitz speaking about the Marines fighting at Iwo Jima (largest all-Marine battle in hx)

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9
Q

largest all Marine battle in history

A

Iwo Jima

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10
Q

battle when “uncommon valor was a common virtue”

A

Iwo Jima by ADM Nimitz

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11
Q

“First to Fight”

A

Marines have been in every fight and even were in the revolution before the Declaration of Independence was signed

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12
Q

motto of Marines

A

Semper Fidelis = always faithful (1883)

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13
Q

meaning of semper fidelis

A

always faithful

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14
Q

year the Marine Corps was created

A

10 Nov 1775 in philidelphia at Tun Tavern

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15
Q

first Commodant of the Marine Corps

A

Captain Samuel Nicholas - n

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16
Q

first battle by the Marines

A
  1. Revoluntionary war
    New Providence Island, Bahamas
    to seize guns and supplies
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17
Q

year the Marine Corp became a separate military service

A

1798

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18
Q

“shores of triopoli

A

1805j. Barbary pirates at Derna.
first time the Marines raised starts and stripes in the eastern hemisphere

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19
Q

“Halls of Montezuma”

A

1847: Battle of Chapeultepec in Mexico City. royal palace fell to the Marines

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20
Q

year of Harper’s Ferry

A

1859

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21
Q

lead the Harper’s Ferry against abolitionists

A

Robert E Lee
Marines & ARmy

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22
Q

year the emblem of the Marine Corp was used

A

1868

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23
Q

purpose of the eagle on the Marine Corp emblem

A

globe/anchor reflects worlwide service and sea tradition
spread eagle - nation itself

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24
Q

3 things on the Marine Corp emblem

A

spread eagle
globe
anchor

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25
Q

year the Marine Corp official motto was created

A
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26
Q

year the Marine Corp official motto was created

A

1883
“Semper Fidelis”
latin for always faithful

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27
Q

motto of the Marine Corp

A

Semper Fidelis
“Always Faithful”

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28
Q

Marines in 1900

A

defended the American Legation in Peking, CHina during the Boxer Rebellion
-part of a multinational defense force that protected the Legation Quarteer against attack
-small defense force held out against hte Boxers until a relief force was able to reach Peking and end the rebellion

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29
Q

Marines in 1901

A

“Banana Wars”: Marines helped out with insurrection put downs & protected Americans/interests in Caribbean

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30
Q

year the Marines established their avaiation unit

A

1913

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31
Q

first Marine pilot

A

Major Alfred A Cunningham. (1913)

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32
Q

Alfred A. Cunningham

A

first Marine pilot. 1913

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33
Q

decoration won by Marines in WW1 that the modern day units still wear

A

1917 French Fourragere

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34
Q

French Fourragere

A

1917: distinction won by today’s members of the 5th and 6th Marines. won b/c distinction in France in WWI

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35
Q

year the Marines were reorganized into FMF

A

Fleet Marine FOrce. 1933

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36
Q

big contribution the Marines made in WW2

A

Island Hopping in the Pacific was mostly the Marines

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37
Q

strength of Marines during WWII

A

500K

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38
Q

first time the Marines flew helicopters in battle

A

19150: Inchon. Korean War

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39
Q

what did the Marines do in the Korean War

A

1950
part of hte amphibious landing over the seawall at Inchon
Marine aviators flew helicopters for hte first time in battle

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40
Q

year the Marines evacuated US citizens in the Caribbean

A

1965: Dominican REpublic

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41
Q

why were Marines deployed to Lebanon

A

1982: as part of a multinational peacekeeping force in order to retore peace and order to the war torn com

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42
Q

suicide attack on Lebanon

A

23 Oct 1983. suicide truck bomb
killed 241
injured 70

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43
Q

MOI during the Beiruit incident

A

23 Oct 1983. suicide truck bomb

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44
Q

how many died in the Marine Corp bombing

A

241 Americans in 1983 in Beiruit

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45
Q

how many were injured during the Marine Corp bombing

A
  1. Beiruit. 70 wounded
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46
Q

operation in Grenada

A

Operation Urgent Fury

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47
Q

Operation Urgent Fury

A

Grenada in 1983

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48
Q

Marine Corp in 1983

A

Beiruit truck bomb
Grenada Operation Urgent Furty

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49
Q

year of Operation Urgent Fury

A

Grenada (Caribbean) in 1983

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50
Q

Operation Just Cause

A

1989
oust General Manuel Noriega from Panama

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51
Q

where was Noriega from

A
  1. General Manuel Noriega ousted from Panama
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52
Q

legal action against General Manuel Noriega

A

Panama dictator
drug trafficking & racketeering. sent to US for trial

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53
Q

overthrew Manuel Noriega

A

Panama
Operation Just Cause
1989

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54
Q

Operation Just Cause & Urgent Fury

A

Just Cause: 1983
Urgent Fury: panama/1989

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55
Q

Operation Desert Shield

A
  1. Kuwait
    designed to hold the advance of Iraqi forces and to position multinational forces for possible offense
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56
Q

Operation Desert Storm/SHield

A

Storm: 1990. Kuwait. to hold off Iraqi invasion
shield: 1991. launched b/c Iraqui government refused to comply w/UN resolutions

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57
Q

MPF

A

Marine Prepositioning Force

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58
Q

MAGTF

A

Marine Air Ground Task Force

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59
Q

GWOT

A

global war on terrorism

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60
Q

official name for the war in Afghanistan

A

Operation Enduring Freedom

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61
Q

Operation Enduring Freedom

A
  1. October 7, 2001
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62
Q

first day of Operation Enduring Freedom

A

07 Oct 200q. US/British/submarines launched.

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63
Q

F __ aircraft examples

A

F-14 Tomcat
F/A-18 Hornet

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64
Q

F-14

A

TOmcat

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65
Q

aka Tomcat

A

F-14 Tomcat

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66
Q

aka Hornet

A

F/A-18

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67
Q

GWOT =

A

Operation Enduring Freedom = war in Afghanistan
plus three smaller action

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68
Q

year of the Iraq Invasion

A

2002

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69
Q

initial invasion of Iraq

A

March 20 - May 01 2002

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70
Q

which countries assisted in the 2001 invasion of Iraq

A

US
UK
Australia
Poland

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71
Q

aka First Battle of Fallujah

A

2004
unsuccessful

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72
Q

resolution of the First battle of Fallujah

A
  1. Operation Vigilian REsolve
73
Q

Operation Vigilant Resolve

A

unsuccessful First Battle of Fallujah attempt to capture Fallujah in 2004

74
Q

year of the first battle of Fallujah

A
  1. unsuccessful. Operation Vigilant Resolve
75
Q

Operation Al-Fajr

A

Second Battle of Fallujah. 2004
arabic for “
the dawn”

76
Q

Operation Al-Fajr

A

= Second battle of Fallujah 2004

77
Q

Operation Phantom Fury

A
  1. Second Battle of Fallujah
78
Q

year of the Battles of Fallujah

79
Q

operations that form the Battles of Fallujah

A

first battle of Fallujah = Operation Vigilant REsolve. unsuccessful didn’t take city
second battle of Fallujah: Operation Al-Fajr, Operation Phantom Fury

80
Q

operations w/ “fury” in their title

A

Operation Urgent Fury: Grenada in 1983
Operation Phantom Fury: 2004. Second battle of Fallujah

81
Q

who authorized the Second Battle of Fallujah

A

authorized by the US-appointed Iraqi Interim governmebt

82
Q

first Marines to hoist the American flag overseas

A

Marines under Presley O’Bannon. Battle of Derna (Tripoli)

83
Q

sword worn by Marines

A

“Mameluke”. given to Presley O’Bannon in 1805

84
Q

Archibald Henderson

A

first 1/2 of 1800s
“Grand Old Man of the Marine Corps”
commodant in 1820. commanded for 39 years

85
Q

John H Quickq

A

at Cuzco Well (Gitmo). participated in an operation to seize an advanced base for the Atlantic Fleet battalion of Marines
medal of honor for semaphoning for an emergency lift of the naval bombardment while under Spanish/Merican shellfire

86
Q

Daniel Daly

A

2 Medals of Honor (CHinese Boxer REbellion, First Caco War in Haiti”
@ Battle of Belleau Wood “Come on you SOB, do you want to live forever”

87
Q

“COme on, you SOB, do you want to live forever”

A

Daniel Daly

88
Q

Smedley D. Butler

A

2 MEdal of Honor
Veracrus, First Caco War in Haiti

89
Q

Marines who have won 2 Medals of Honor

A

Daniel Daly (Boxer Rebellion & First Caco War in Haiti)
Smedley D. Butler (First Caco war in Haiti”

90
Q

first Marine officer to command an army division in combat

A

John Lejeune

91
Q

John Lejeune

A

13th Commodant (1920-29)
France WWI (1918)

92
Q

first Marine fo command an army divsion in combat

93
Q

nickname of Lewis B. Puller

A

“Chest”

94
Q

Lewis P. “Chesty” PUller

A

served in Nicargua.

95
Q

mascot of the Marine Corp

A

“Chesty”. an english bulldog. named after Lewis B. “Chesty” Puller

96
Q

“Tiger of the Mountains”

A

Lewis B. “Chesty” Puller.

97
Q

English bulldog

A

Marine Corp mascot “Chesty” is an English Bulldog named after Lewis B “CHesty” PUller

98
Q

Joseph L. Floss

A

Marine pilot. at Guadalacanal
by end of WWII, he was a Marine Ace (26)

99
Q

pilot takes down another plane

A

a “kill” = ace

100
Q

example of an ace

A

Joseph L. Foss. 26. WWII

101
Q

Gregory R “Pappy” Boyington

A

aerial dogfights
28 kills (ace”)
VMH-214 “Black Sheep”. WWII

102
Q

examples of WWII aces

A

“Pappy” Boyington = 28
Foss = 26

103
Q

who did “Pappy” Boyington command

A

“Black Sheep” VMH-214

104
Q

famous marine corp flag raising

A

Mount Suribachi

105
Q

Mount Suribachi

A

Iwo JIma flag

106
Q

where was the famous picture of Marines raising flag taken

A

Mount Suribachi. Iwo Jima

107
Q

first woman in Marine Corps

A

Opha Me Johnson

108
Q

nick name of early female Marines

A

“skirt Marines”
Marinettes

109
Q

year of the Marine Corps 1st enlisted woman

A

Opha Mae Johnson. private (enlisted” 1918

110
Q

first Marine Corp female general officer

A

Brigidier General Margaret BRewer. 1978

111
Q

Margaret A. Brewer

A

first woman general. Marine. 1978

112
Q

monument that honors female Marines

A

Molly Marine. in New Orleans. 1943. in New Orleans and is modeled after Joan of Arc (b/c she was of Orleans in France”

113
Q

Battle of Bladensburg

A

1814: <500 Marines & sailors tried to block 4K disciplined British troops from advancing on Washington

114
Q

1814 Marines

A

500 Marines/sailors tried to block 4K BRitish from advancing on Washington

115
Q

500 Marines/Sailors tried to stop 4K British from advancing on Washington

A

Battles of Bladensburg 1814

116
Q

losses at the Battle of New ORleans

A

Jackson. 1815
US lost <100. BRitish lost 2K

117
Q

general at Battle of New Orleans

A

1815: andrew jackson

118
Q

Battle of Belleau Wood

A

Belleau Wood. forward. forest.
German called them Devil Dogs

119
Q

origin of Devil Dogs

A

Battle of Belleau Wood. Marines named by the Germans b/c fierce fighters

120
Q

why was the Battle of Belleau Wood fought

A

forest b/c Germans tried to march on Paris

121
Q

year of the Battle of Wake Island

122
Q

first island in Island Hopping

A

Gilbert Island.

123
Q

problem at the Battle of Tarawa

A

heavily fortified. Japanese said that it would take 1 million Americans 100yrs to conquor it. Marines got it in 72 hrs

124
Q

how quickly did the Americans win the Battle of Tarawa

A

secured the island in 76 hours. but extended reef meat that they couldn’t cross easily w/landing craft. so they were offloaded 100s of yards from the beach. meant that heavy losses from enemy fire & drowning.

125
Q

Battle of the Mariana Islands

A

Marines invaded b/c we needed airfields & bases in the Pacific for Air Force & Navy.
landed at Sapian, Guam, TInian

126
Q

year of the Battle of Mariana Island

127
Q

year of the Battle of Bougainville

128
Q

purpose of the Battle of Bougainville

A
  1. key to neutralizing Rabaul (Jap air power hub)
129
Q

largest Marine Corp battle in hx

A

Battle of Iwo Jima

130
Q

Battle of Iwo Jima

A

1945
bloodiest & largest all-Marine COrp battle.
23K casualties

131
Q

largest all Marine battle in hx

A

Battle of Iwo Jima BUT heavy casualties (23K)

132
Q

“uncommon valor was a common virtue”

A

Adm Nimitz post Battle of Iwo Jima

133
Q

famous quote post Battle of Iwo Jima

A

uncommon valor was a common virtue = Nimitz

134
Q

last large action of WWII

A

Battle of Okinawa 1945

135
Q

Battle of Okinawa

A

April 1945. last large ation of WWII

136
Q

commanded the landing at Inchon

A
  1. Major General Oliver P. Smith
137
Q

Landing at Inchon date

A

September - Oct 1950

138
Q

Oliver P. Smith

A

Sep - Oct 1950.
led the UN force and amphin invasion surprizze.

139
Q

what happened at the Incheon

A

Sep - Oct 1950: first major UN force strike in N. Korean territory and surpirse amphibious assault

140
Q

year of the Battle of Chosin REservoir

A
  1. Marines cut off after CHinese COmmunists forces entered the war.
141
Q

significance of Battle of Chosin Reservoir

A

1950: Marines were cut off from going further into N. Korea. BUT despite the retrograde movement, the Marines brought out all operable equipment, properly evacued casualties, maintained tactical integrity

142
Q

Battle of Hue City

A

Tet Offense. 1968

143
Q

how was the Battle of Hue City fought

A

Vietnamese Tet holiday 1968
house to house w/progress measured in Yards

144
Q

first large scale battle in Op Iraqi Freedom

A
  1. Nasiriya, Iraw
    first large scale battle fought by Marines in OPeration Iraqi Freedom
145
Q

OIF

A

operation iraqui freedom

146
Q

first large scale battle by Marines in OIF

A

Battle of An-Nasiriya. 2003

147
Q

first female POW rescued

A

Private Jessica Lynch

148
Q

Jessica Lynch

A

On March 23, 2003, she was serving as a unit supply specialist with the 507th Maintenance Company when her convoy was ambushed by Iraqi troops during the Battle of Nasiriyah; Lynch was seriously injured during the offensive and captured by Iraqi soldiers shortly afterwards. Her subsequent recovery by U.S. special operations forces on April 1, 2003, received considerable media coverage as it was the first successful rescue of an American prisoner of war since World War II and the first ever of a woman.

Initial official reports on Lynch’s capture and rescue in Iraq were incorrect. On April 24, 2007, she testified in front of United States Congress that she had never fired her weapon (her M16 rifle reportedly having jammed), and that she had been knocked unconscious when her vehicle crashed during the ambush.[1] Lynch has been outspoken in her criticism of the original stories that were reported regarding her combat experience. When asked about her heroine status, she stated: “That wasn’t me. I’m not about to take credit for something I didn’t do… I’m just a survivor.”[2]

149
Q

battle Jessica Lynch was in

A

supply officer. Battle of An-Nasiriya 2003

150
Q

Montford Point Marines

A

1942 - 1949. Black Marines. training
at Saipan, Iwo Jima, Okinawa

151
Q

when were the Navajo Code Talkers recruited

152
Q

how many Indian tribes were represented by the Code Talkers

A

16 tribes. not justi Navajo

153
Q

importance of the Code Talkers

A

on battlefield, being able to keep messages secret could make the difference between winning/losing - and how many lives are saved/lost

154
Q

where did the Navajo serve in WWII

155
Q

where did the Hopi serve in WWII

156
Q

which indians fought in the Pacific

A

Navajo & Hopi

157
Q

which indicans fought germans

158
Q

which indians fought in NOrth Africa

159
Q

overall outcome of the work by Navajo code talkers

A

saved lives & helped the US win multiple victories

160
Q

first female Marine

A

Opha May Johnson in 1918

161
Q

first female enlisted/officer

A

1918: Opha May Johnson
1943: Anne Lentz

162
Q

end of WWII name

A

V-J day 1945

163
Q

first black Marines

A

1949: Katherine Twowl

164
Q

first Marine Corp female to receive the Combat Action Ribbon

165
Q

first female Marine Corp general

A

1978: Margaret BRewer

166
Q

first female midshipmen to commission into Marine Corp from the Naval Academy

167
Q

first time a woman led a rifle plattoon

168
Q

first female drill instructor

169
Q

first year females could fly combat aircraft

170
Q

first female 3 star

A

1996: Mutter

171
Q

Marine Corp first female F-35 pilot

172
Q

emblem of Marine Corp

A

eagle, globe, anchor
“Globe &* Anchor”

173
Q

meaning of anchor on marine corp emblem

A

maritime tradition & homage to link to navy

174
Q

what does the scroll held by the eagle on the marine corp emblem say

A

“Semper Fidelis”

175
Q

purpose of red strip on Marine Corp uniform

A

first in 1798. mostly b/c that was the fashion at the time

176
Q

top of Marine Officer barracks cover

A

quatrefoil: interwove braid in the cross of figure 8
on cap so ship riggers could look down and tell who was a marine

177
Q

cross on top of Marine Corp covers

A

quatrefoil. lets you see from above that they are a marine

178
Q

Fourragere

A

braided rope that goves around the left shoulder w/left arm through the loop given by the French Ministry of War to those who served with the 5-6th Marine REgiments

EMF Warfare Device (10 decks)

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