Table misc Flashcards
When would you see “meaty”structures on a slide?
if you have aspiration pneumonia:
meaty stuff = multinucleated giant cell
Another name for boop?
Organizing pneumonia:
plugs of myxoid fibroblastic tissue plugs in airspaces/small airways
What pathological pattern does ARDS present with?
Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD)
- hyaline membranes due to inflammation/fibroblastic tissue
Difference between ALI and ARDS
Acute lung injury (ALI) is relatively mild
“non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema)
ARDS: severe
Is a-1 antitrypsin worst in the upper or lower lobes?
lower lobes
Smoking related lung diseases that present with pigmented macrophages.
- where will the macrophages be found?
- Respiratory bronchiolitis (RB)
- brown pigmented macrophages in small bronchioles/surrounding airspace - Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia (DIP)
- brown pigmented macrophages found diffusely in the airspaces
Which lung disease presents with honeycomb cystic changes?
- is it worse in the upper or lower lobes?
UIP/IPF
- lower lobes/heterogeneous
Type of lung disease that presents with homogenous inflammation, fibrosis, or a mixture of both?
NSIP
Two types of NSIP?
which one is reversible?
cellular (uniform inflammation)
- reversible
Fibrotic (uniform fibrosis)
- reversible
Two lung diseases that have non-necrotizing granuloma
- granulomatous bronchiolitis
- (infectious, sarcoid, beryllium) - Hypersensitivity pneumonia
When would you see a talc particle in a path slide?
thromboembolic disease/ talc embolism
talc particle - ingested by multinucleated cell
Vasculitis
what is it?
causes?
inflammation of vessel wall
- autoimmune/infectious
When would you see a stellate scar around airway?
Pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH)
Carcinoid tumors
developed from neuroendocrine cells and then met to the lungs
When would you see keratin pearls?
squamous cell carcinoma
For pericardial effusions, when do you know if you have transudative or exudative fluid?
transudative: LDH
Acute cough
- life threatening lung diseases
life threatening
- pneumonia
- HF
- Embolism
- Severe asthma exacerbation
- COPD
Acute cough
- non life threatening lung diseases
- infectious
ie: URI, Acute bronchiolitis - exacerbations of preexisting conditions
ie: asthma, bronchiectasis, UACS, COPD - environmental
100 day cough
- what is it?
- how to treat it?
pertussis: whooping cough
- treat with antibiotics
Central chemoreceptors respond to what?
arterial CO2 ↑
CSF H+ ↑
(protons are from CO2 binding H2O
Peripheral chemoreceptors respond to what?
CO2 ↑
O2+ ↓
arterial H+ ↑
Are peripheral or central chemoreceptors more important in day to day regulation of ventilation?
central - slow response
both both are involved in ventilation
- peripheral would be more involved in metabolic acidosis
pH equation for HCO and CO2
pH = 6.1 + [HCO3-]/0.03
How can you know if Pulm HTN is pre or post capillary?
if pt has pulmonary HTN (mPAP >25 mmHG)
it is precapillary if: PCWP = 15mmHg
it is postcapillary if PCWP > 15 mmHg
- there is an ↑ in LAP
Cardiogenic vs noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
Cardiogenic aka Hydrostatic causes: just like what it sounds, increase in microvascular hydrostatic P that overwhelms the protective mechanisms of the lung –> pulmonary edema
Noncardigenic: involves proteins leaving the vasculature due to increase wall permeability
