Table misc

Question 1

When would you see “meaty”structures on a slide?

Answer 1

if you have aspiration pneumonia:

meaty stuff = multinucleated giant cell

Question 2

Another name for boop?

Answer 2

Organizing pneumonia:

plugs of myxoid fibroblastic tissue plugs in airspaces/small airways

Question 3

What pathological pattern does ARDS present with?

Answer 3

Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD)

- hyaline membranes due to inflammation/fibroblastic tissue

Question 4

Difference between ALI and ARDS

Answer 4

Acute lung injury (ALI) is relatively mild
“non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema)

ARDS: severe

Question 5

Is a-1 antitrypsin worst in the upper or lower lobes?

Answer 5

lower lobes

Question 6

Smoking related lung diseases that present with pigmented macrophages.
- where will the macrophages be found?

Answer 6

1. Respiratory bronchiolitis (RB)
   - brown pigmented macrophages in small bronchioles/surrounding airspace
2. Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia (DIP)
   - brown pigmented macrophages found diffusely in the airspaces

Question 7

Which lung disease presents with honeycomb cystic changes?

- is it worse in the upper or lower lobes?

Answer 7

UIP/IPF

- lower lobes/heterogeneous

Question 8

Type of lung disease that presents with homogenous inflammation, fibrosis, or a mixture of both?

Answer 8

NSIP

Question 9

Two types of NSIP?

which one is reversible?

Answer 9

cellular (uniform inflammation)
- reversible

Fibrotic (uniform fibrosis)
- reversible

Question 10

Two lung diseases that have non-necrotizing granuloma

Answer 10

1. granulomatous bronchiolitis
   - (infectious, sarcoid, beryllium)
2. Hypersensitivity pneumonia

Question 11

When would you see a talc particle in a path slide?

Answer 11

thromboembolic disease/ talc embolism

talc particle - ingested by multinucleated cell

Question 12

Vasculitis
what is it?
causes?

Answer 12

inflammation of vessel wall

- autoimmune/infectious

Question 13

When would you see a stellate scar around airway?

Answer 13

Pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH)

Question 14

Carcinoid tumors

Answer 14

developed from neuroendocrine cells and then met to the lungs

Question 15

When would you see keratin pearls?

Answer 15

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 16

For pericardial effusions, when do you know if you have transudative or exudative fluid?

Answer 16

transudative: LDH

Question 17

Acute cough

- life threatening lung diseases

Answer 17

life threatening

• pneumonia
• HF
• Embolism
• Severe asthma exacerbation
• COPD

Question 18

Acute cough

- non life threatening lung diseases

Answer 18

• infectious
  ie: URI, Acute bronchiolitis
• exacerbations of preexisting conditions
  ie: asthma, bronchiectasis, UACS, COPD
• environmental

Question 19

100 day cough

• what is it?
• how to treat it?

Answer 19

pertussis: whooping cough

- treat with antibiotics

Question 20

Central chemoreceptors respond to what?

Answer 20

arterial CO2 ↑

CSF H+ ↑
(protons are from CO2 binding H2O

Question 21

Peripheral chemoreceptors respond to what?

Answer 21

CO2 ↑

O2+ ↓

arterial H+ ↑

Question 22

Are peripheral or central chemoreceptors more important in day to day regulation of ventilation?

Answer 22

central - slow response

both both are involved in ventilation
- peripheral would be more involved in metabolic acidosis

Question 23

pH equation for HCO and CO2

Answer 23

pH = 6.1 + [HCO3-]/0.03

Question 24

How can you know if Pulm HTN is pre or post capillary?

Answer 24

if pt has pulmonary HTN (mPAP >25 mmHG)

it is precapillary if: PCWP = 15mmHg

it is postcapillary if PCWP > 15 mmHg
- there is an ↑ in LAP

Question 25

Cardiogenic vs noncardiogenic pulmonary edema

Answer 25

Cardiogenic aka Hydrostatic causes: just like what it sounds, increase in microvascular hydrostatic P that overwhelms the protective mechanisms of the lung –> pulmonary edema

Noncardigenic: involves proteins leaving the vasculature due to increase wall permeability