Physical exam Flashcards
Crackles/Rales can indicate what?
Pulmonary edema
Interstitial lung disease
pneumonia
Rhonchi indicate what?
low rumble: partially obstructed airway by mucous
Wheeses indiate what?
high pitched musical airflow through narrow airway
- asthma, bronchiolitis, COPD
Atelectasis physical exam findings
- low PaO2
- cyanosis
- tachypnea
- tachycardia
Pleural Effusion physical exam findings
- dullness to percussion
- no voice transmission
- decreased breath sounds
- decreased tactile fremitus
pneumonia physical exam findings
- rales
- fever
- tachycardia
- consolidation
pneumothorax physical exam findings
- decreased or absent breath sounds on affected side
- hyperresonance to percussion
- decreased fremitus
tension pneumothorax physical exam findings
on top of the pneumothorax signs,
Hypotension
Cyanosis
What cant you diagnose with spirometry? Obstructive or restrictive?
Restrictive: since it can be preserved or elevated
- pulm edema
- ILD
- Neuromuscular weakness
- pleural disease
- obesity
4 major factors contributing to DLCO
- Surface area
- Membrane thickness
- diffusion gradient
- presence of Hb/blood flow
Diseases with increased DLCO
- Polycythemia
- interstitial edema
- asthma!!!
- alveolar hemorrhage
Diseases with decreased DLCO
- Emphysema
- Pulmonary vascular disease
- ILD
- Anemia
- Pulmonary edema
- pneumonia
How does Pulmonary vascular disease and Pulmonary edema contribute to low DLCO
Pulmonary vascular disease
- decreases bf to flungs
Pulmonary edema
- water in lungs increases diffusion distances and decreases surface area
