Table 1b: Clinical Use of Antibiotics Summary

Question 1

Likely causative organisms in uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections?

Answer 1

S. aureus, S. pyogenes, MRSA, MSSA

Question 2

Empiric tx for skin and soft tissue infections?

Answer 2

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, clindamycin

Question 3

Tx for serious MRSA infection?

Answer 3

Vancomycin

Question 4

Treatment for MSSA skin infection?

Answer 4

dicloxacillin or 1st generation cephalosporin (cephalexin)

Question 5

Most likely causative organism in URI’s?

Answer 5

Viruses

Question 6

Most common bacterial pathogens of sinusitis, chronic, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, and otitis media?

Answer 6

S. pneumo, H. influenzae, M catarrhalis

Question 7

Most common bacteria in acute pharyngitis?

Answer 7

S. pyogenes

Question 8

Empiric treatment of upper respiratory tract infections?

Answer 8

Amoxicillin (+ clav if patient has had prior abx for current infection)

Question 9

treatment for URI in patient with penicillin allergy?

Answer 9

2nd or 3rd generation cephalosporin or clindamycin or macrolide

Question 10

Empiric treatment for acute pharyngitis?

Answer 10

Penicillin V or amoxicillin

Question 11

Treatment for acute pharyngitis in patient with penicillin allergy?

Answer 11

1st generation cephalosporin or clindamycin or macrolide

Question 12

Most likely causative organism of pneumonia in an otherwise healthy patient?

Answer 12

S. pneumoniae

Question 13

Empiric treatment of pneumonia in an otherwise healthy patient?

Answer 13

High dose amoxicillin or macrolide or doxycycline

Question 14

Most likely causative organism of pneumonia in a patient with multiple comorbidities?

Answer 14

atypicals, H. influenzae, MSSA, M. catarrhalis

Question 15

Treatment of pneumonia in a patient with multiple comorbidities?

Answer 15

Amox/clav or 2nd-3rd generation cephalosporin PLUS macrolide or doxycycline or respiratory quinalone

Question 16

Likely causative organism of uncomplicated cystitis?

Answer 16

E. coli

Question 17

Empiric treatment of uncomplicated cystitis?

Answer 17

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or nitrofurantoin or fosfomycin

Question 18

Likely causative organism of uncomplicated pyelonephritis?

Answer 18

E. coli

Question 19

Treatment of uncomplicated pyelonephritis?

Answer 19

Fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin)

Question 20

Tx for complicated cystitis/pyelonephritis?

Answer 20

Outpatient: FQ (levo or cipro)
Hospitalized: FQ, 3rd ceph, or pip/taz

Question 21

Likely causative organism of cholangitis and diverticulitis?

Answer 21

E. coli, Bacteroides fragilis

Question 22

Empiric treatment of cholangitis and diverticuitis?

Answer 22

Pip/taz or carbapenem or moxifloxacin, PLUS metronidazole if severe

Question 23

What is the likely causative organism of antibiotic associated diarrhea?

Answer 23

C. diff

Question 24

Treatment for antibiotic associated diarrhea?

Answer 24

Metronidazole in mild-moderate, vancomycin in severe cases

Question 25

Likely causative organisms of meningitis in children-adults?

Answer 25

S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis

Question 26

Empiric treatment of meningitis in children-adults?

Answer 26

Ceftriaxone or cefotaxime + vancomycin

Question 27

Likely causative organism of meningitis in pregnant patients, immunocompromised patients, and patients > age 50?

Answer 27

L. monocytogenes

Question 28

Empiric treatment for meningitis in pregnant patients, immunocompromised patients, and patients > age 50?

Answer 28

Ceftriaxone or cefotaxime PLUS vancomycin PLUS ampicillin +/- gentamicin

Question 29

Likely causative organism of meningitis in neonates?

Answer 29

Group B strep, enteric gram - bacteria, L. monocytogenes

Question 30

Empiric treatment of meningitis in neonates?

Answer 30

Ampicillin PLUS ceftriaxone or cefotaxime +/- gentamycin