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RRPA Pharmacology II > Protein Synthesis inhibitors- Macrolides, tetracyclines > Flashcards

Protein Synthesis inhibitors- Macrolides, tetracyclines Flashcards

1
Q

List the Macrolides

A

Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin

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2
Q

Are macrolides bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?

A

Bacteriostatic, may be cidal in very high doses

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3
Q

Covers which gram pos cocci (this is an alternative for pen-allergic pt)

A

Strep pneumo, strep pyo (pneumonia, pharyngitis)

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4
Q

Covers which gram neg cocci

A

M. Catt (otitis media, community aquired pnuemonia)

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5
Q

Covers which gram neg bacilli

A

bordatella pertussis (ALL), H. Flu (Az and Cl), H. Pylori (Cl) Leigionella (Az)

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6
Q

Covers which gram pos bacilli

A

diptheria (e-mycin)

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7
Q

Macrolides are distributed into the brain and CSF (true or False)

A

False, widely distributed everywhere else. It even penetrates the placenta and enters the fetus

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8
Q

Erythromycin is metabolized via the _____

a. Kidneys
b. Liver

A

b. it is metabolized by the liver and excreted by bile. Would probably need to be dosed differently for those with liver disease

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9
Q

Clarithromycin is metabolized by_______

A

Kidneys

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10
Q

_______ is not metabolized at all. it has high tissue penetration.

A

Azithromycin

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11
Q

A serious side effect of macrolides is that they can

a. cause QT prolongation
b. can abort a fetus
c. cause poisoning

A

a. QT prolongation: DO NOT give with other meds that have this side effect as well.

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12
Q

A few medication known to have drug -drug intactions with macrolides (except azitrhomycin)

A

theophylline, warfarin, methylprednisolone, cyclosporine, SSRIs, benzodiazepines.

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13
Q

List the tetracyclines

A

Doxycycline, Minocylcine, Tetracycline

DMT

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14
Q

Are tetracyclines bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

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15
Q

When resistance to tetracyclines occur what is an option?

A

Tigacycline, it is not affected by the same mechanisms of resistance as the others are.

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16
Q

What is the spectrum of tetracyclines

a. gram neg
b. gram pos
c. broad spectrum

A

These are broad spectrum but this has led to wide spread resistance due to over use

17
Q

The gram pos cocci that are not resistant to tetracyclines

A

Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): localized cutaneous infection, pneumonia, food poisoning (doxy, mino, tige)

18
Q

The gram neg cocci that are not resistant to tetracyclines

A

Moraxella catarrhalis –> otitis media, community-acquired pneumonia [Doxycycline]

19
Q

The gram pos bacillus that is not resistant to tetracyclines

A

Bacillus anthracis – anthrax [Doxycycline]

20
Q

The gram neg bacilli that is effective against tetracyclines

A

H. influenzae – otitis media, community-acquired pneumonia [Doxycycline]
H. pylori – peptic ulcers [Tetracycline]
Vibrio cholerae – cholera [Doxycycline]

21
Q

Anaerobes treated with tetracyclines

A

Propionobacterium acnes (gram + rod) – acne [Minocycline, Doxycycline]

22
Q

Atypical organisms treated by tetra cyclines

A

Chlamydia -trachoma, community-acquired pneumonia, urethitis [Doxycycline]
Mycoplasma pneumoniae – community-acquired pneumonia [Doxycycline]
Richettsia – Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Q fever [Doxycycline]

23
Q

Spirocetes treated with tetracyclines

A

Borrelia burgdorferi – Lyme disease (early) [Doxycycline]

24
Q

Most of the tetracyclines are best absorbed on an______ stomach

A

empty

25
Q

what dietary choice hinders the absorption of tetracyclines?

A

dairy products

26
Q

Which tetracycline is the choice for patients with renal disease or are breast feeding?

A

Doxy

27
Q

Most of them are excreted into the urine except for which two?

A

Doxy and mino

28
Q

Tetracyclines are concentrated in the ________. For this reason you need to try to avoid for those with hepatic impairment

A

Liver

29
Q

You have an 8 year old pateint you notice that his teeth are a gray color. You suspect that he was given a course of ________ when he was younger

A

Tetracyclines. for this reason they should not be given to children under 8 or to women in the second half of pregnancy.. They cause a temporary depression of bone growth

30
Q

Some drug - drug interactions to consider with tetracyclines

A

 Antacids / Iron Supplements
 Phenytoin / Barbiturates / Carbamazepine
 Oral Anticoagulants

RRPA Pharmacology II (23 decks)

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