T7 Pop Flashcards

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1
Q

Define succession

A

the process by which an ecosystem changes over time

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2
Q

Key stages of succession

A

colonisation by a pioneer species
changes abiotic conditions- less hostile
environment becomes more suitable for other species
less suitable for others
better adapted species outcomes previous
process occurs many times
increasing biodiversity
climax community reached- finial stable community

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3
Q

Estimating the size of a motile population

A

Mark-release-recapture
capture a sample of the population, mark them ( ensuring the make does not effect their chances of survival)
leave enough time for marked individuals to disperse into the general population
capture a second sample, count the number of marked individuals

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4
Q

Assumptions of mark-release-recapture

A

sufficient time given for pop to mix
marking does not affect survival chances/ not removed
no emigration
no death/ births

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5
Q

Estimating population size of slow/ non-motile species

A

randomly placed quadrants

quadrants systemically placed along a transect

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6
Q

Estimating population size using quadrants

A

place two tape measures perpendicular to one another
generate random co-ordinates using a random number generator
place quadrants at generated co-ordinates and count the frequency of species present in each quadrant
valuate mean per quadrants
mean x number of quadrants that would cover the whole area

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7
Q

Why use a transect?

A

when the environment is not uniform
effect of changing environmental conditions
changes in distribution

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8
Q

Define an ecosystem

A

A community’s interaction with abiotic conditions of their environment

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9
Q

Abiotic conditions

what are they? examples

A

Non-living factors of an ecosystem

pH, temperature, O2, H20, CO2, nutrient levels

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10
Q

Biotic conditions

what are they? examples

A

Living features of an ecosystem

How organisms interact with each other

Predation, interspecific competition, infraspecific competition, diseases

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11
Q

What does conservation involve?

A

the management of succession

prevents habitats from reaching their climax community

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12
Q

Define evolution

A

changes in allele frequencies in a gene pool over time

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13
Q

What is gene flow?

A

movement of genes from one population to another

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14
Q

What is the effect of high gene flow between two populations?

A

reduced genetic diversity between 2 pops

increased genetic diversity within each pop

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15
Q

What is genetic drift?

A

Changes in allele frequencies in a gene pool due to chance

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16
Q

What is a gene pool?

A

gene pool is all of the alleles of all the genes of all the individuals of a population

17
Q

What size population would genetic drift have the largest effect on?

A

small populations because chance has a greater influence