Biodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three components of Biodiversity?

A

species, genetic and ecosystem diversity

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2
Q

Define a community

A

all the populations of different species in a habitat

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3
Q

Define species diversity

A

The number of different species and the number of individuals of each species within a community

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4
Q

Define ecosystem diversity

A

The range of different habitats

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5
Q

Name 4 farming techniques that reduce biodiversity

A

Use of pesticides/ herbicides
Use of artificial ( high nitrate content) fertilisers
Removal of hedge rows
Monocultures

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6
Q

What is the impact of monocultures?

A

Reduce species (plant) diversity
Reduce number of habitats
Reduce food sources
Reduce certain minerals in the soil- may be come unsuitable for the growth of other species

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7
Q

What is the trade off of conversation?

A

Need to maintain high crop yields, to ensure food stability and maintenance of cheap affordable food, enough of it to feed everyone globally

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8
Q

Name conservation techniques

A

Maintained of hedge rows
Limit use of pesticides/ herbicides
Use organic fertilisers

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9
Q

What might need to occur for farmers to be encouraged to use conservation techniques?

A

Financial incentives

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10
Q

How do herbicides reduce biodiversity?

A
Reduces species ( plant) diversity 
Reduce range of food sources
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11
Q

Purpose of biodiversity reducing farming practices

A

To increase crop yield, enable economies of scale, save costs
Raise profits

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12
Q

What are the two factors what cause variation within species?

A

Environmental

Genetic

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13
Q

Why is measuring genetic diversity through comparing characteristics not very a accurate/ reliable measure ?

A

Many characteristics could be polygenetic- coded for by more than one gene
Able to be modified by the environment ( epigentics) so differences in characteristics could be to do with environment not different alleles of a gene

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14
Q

Ways of measuring diversity

A

Compare sequences of amino acids of common proteins
Sequences for DNA bases
Sequences of mRNA bases- coded for by DNA base sequence
Frequency of observable characteristics

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