Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1. Theme 4 > T4 L5: Respiration control and ABG's > Flashcards

T4 L5: Respiration control and ABG's Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ABG?

A

An arterial blood gas test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an ABG used for?

A

To test for the acid/base balance and the ventilatory status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why is an ABG taken from arteries?

A

Because the results are more accurate than in veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is meant by ‘CO2 isn’t an acid but acts like one’?

A

When C02 levels go up, the pH goes down because H2CO3 (carbonic acid) is produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens to blood pH when CO2 elimination is insufficient?

A

[H+] increases so pH decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the carbonic anhydrase equation?

A

C02 + H2O = H2CO3 = HCO3- + H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is respiratory acidosis?

A

The build up/ retention of CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are fixed/ non-volatile acids?

A

Those that can’t be eliminated by exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does the body get fixed/ non-volatile acids?

A

By the oxidation of dietary substrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are fixed acids eliminated from the body?

A

Via the kidneys or the liver. They end up in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 most important buffers in the body?

A

Carbonate, proteins circulating in the blood that have histamine residue Eg. Albumin, and phosphates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What ion balances out H+?

A

Cl-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do we measure the abnormal accumulation of fixed acids?

A

Through the anion gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the anion gap?

A

The gap between the uncounted cations an anions. It helps to measure the acid/base balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are those most abundant cations in the blood which are used for the anion gap test?

A

Na+ and K+ plus some uncounted cations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the most abundant anions in the blood which are used for the anion gap test?

A

Cl- and bicarbonate plus some uncounted anions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is the anion gap calculated?

A

the uncounted anions - uncounted cations (because there are more uncounted anions than uncounted cations)

18
Q

What is the normal AG value for Na - (Cl + bicarbonate )?

A

12

19
Q

What is ‘GOLD MARK’ used for?

A

For the main causes of AG acidosis

20
Q

What does ‘GOLD MARK’ stand for?

A

Glycols, Oxoproline, L-lactate, D-lactate, Methanol, Aspirin, Renal failure, Ketoacidosis (in diabetes)

21
Q

What is non-anion gap acidosis and how does it occur?

A

The loss of bicarbonate. The acidosis occurs when the body tries to compensate for the bicarbonate but that also increases the levels of H+

22
Q

What causes anion gap acidosis?

A

The addition of acid

23
Q

How does loss of bicarbonate occur in the kidney tubules?

A

By failure to absorb HCO3-

24
Q

How does stool end up at pH6.6 when the stomach has a pH of 3?

A

The pancreatic ducts produce bicarbonate and secrete it into the lumen

25
Q

How does a high output of stool cause a rapid loss of bicarbonate if output of stool is high

A

Bicarbonate is mixed to optimise the pH so a lot of it is used up if the output of stool is high

26
Q

What are the 4 causes of non-ionic gap acidosis (loss of bicarbonate)?

A

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA), GI losses, acetazolamide and excessive administration of Cl-

27
Q

What is Renal tubular acidosis (RTA)?

A

When the kidneys don’t properly remove acids from the blood into the urine so too much acid remains in the blood. Bicarbonate tries to correct this

28
Q

What is acetaxolamide?

A

A medication with the side effect where it can cause metabolic acidosis (loss of bicarbonate)

29
Q

What is respiratory acidosis?

A

High PCO2

30
Q

What is metabolic acidosis?

A

Low HCO3- (bicarbonate)

31
Q

What is respiratory alkalosis?

A

Low PCO2

32
Q

What is metabolic alkalosis?

A

High HCO3-

33
Q

What is acidaemia?

A

Low blood pH

34
Q

What is alkalaemia?

A

High blood pH

35
Q

How long does metabolic compensation take?

A

A few days

36
Q

How long does respiratory compensation take?

A

Quickly

37
Q

What is the compensatory response for respiratory acidosis?

A

Kidneys retain HCO3-

38
Q

What is the compensatory response for respiratory alkalosis?

A

Kidneys eliminate HCO3-

39
Q

What is the compensatory response for metabolic acidosis?

A

Lungs eliminate CO2

40
Q

What is the compensatory response for metabolic alkalosis?

A

Lungs retain CO2 but there is a limit to this

1. Theme 4 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions