T4 L15: Respiratory pharmacology Flashcards
Salbutamol, Salmeterol, Formoterol, and Vilanterol are types of what drug?
Beta-2 agonist (bronchodilators)
What type of drugs are Tiotropium, Aclidinium, Glycopyrronium, and Umeclidinium?
Long acting anti muscarinics (LAMA)
What type of drug is Ipratropium?
A short acting anti muscarinic (SAMA)
What type of drug is Predisolone?
An oral (systemic) anti-inflammatory steroid, a glucocorticoid
What type of drug is Beclomethasone?
An inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) used as an anti-inflammatory
What type of drug is Montelukast?
A leukotriene receptor antagonist
What are pressured metered dose inhalers (pMDI’s)?
Deep exhale, inhale and then hold breath inhalers
How does Salbutamol work?
It binds to beta-2 receptors in the lungs and causes relaxation
What is Salbutamol used to treat?
Asthma and COPD
How long does Salbutamol work for?
Immediately and then lasts 3-5 hours (SAMA)
How long does Salmeterol work for?
Works after 2-30 min and then lasts 10-12 hours (LAMA)
How long does Formoterol work for?
Immediately and then lasts 10-12 hours (LAMA). Similar to Salbutamol
How long does Tiotropium work for?
24 hours
What is the therapeutic effect behind Triotrpium?
It inhibits M3 receptors and causes bronchodilation
How long does Ipratropium work for?
Onset is 30min and then lasts for 6 hours. It’s nebulised for acute presentation of COPD
How long does Theophylline work for?
Half life of 5 hours
What is Theophylline used for?
Persistent asthma and COPD. It’s a phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Beclomethasone, Fluticasone, and budesonide are types of which drug class?
Inhaled glucocorticoids
How do glucocorticoids work?
They decrease release of inflammatory mediators, decrease airway oedema, decrease music production, increase beta-1 sensitivity and number
What are some adverse effects of glucocorticoids?
Adrenal suppression, bone loss, diabetes, hypertension, increase risk of cataracts and glaucoma
What are ICS combined with?
LABA or LAMA
What are LAMA coupled with?
LABA
What does the drug Doxycycline (a Tetracycline) used for?
An antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis used for gram positive and negative bacteria. Its useful for atypical infections
What are the side effects of Doxycycline (a Tetracycline)?
GI upset, teeth staining, lupus, allergy, photosensitivity
What are Quinolone drugs like Ciprofloxacin, Levoflaxacin, and Moxifloxacin used for?
Treating gram negative and positive bacterial infections
What are Macrolide drugs like Erythromycin and Clarithromycin used for?
Commonly used for respiratory infection including atypical pneumonia. It inhibits protein synthesis
What are the side effects of Macrolide drugs?
GI upset, allergy, liver abnormality
