T4 L12: TB Flashcards
How does TB spread?
Through air droplets
What is the risk of developing active TB as an immunocompatent?
10-15%
How often does TB divide?
Every 16-20 hours
What is primary TB?
When the TB overcomes the immune system soon after the initial infection. Occurs with 1-5% of cases
What is the tuberculin skin test?
It tests for latent TB. TB antigens are placed under the skin and within 2 days, the person will develop a red bump if they have latent TB
What are the clinical features of TB?
Cough, haemoptysis (coughing up blood), chest pain, weight loss, fever, night sweats
What is the diagnostic technique for TB?
Chest imaging or sputum tests
What is TB Lymphadenitis?
Inflammation of the lymph nodes. Can form sinus tracts with chronic discharge or cold abscesses may form
What is disseminated/Miliary TB?
When the TB has spread to other areas of the body. GI and CNS symptoms are seen in 20% of patients. 50% show Hepatomegaly
How long is the standard treatment for TB?
6 months
Describe the 2 stages of treatment for TB
For 2 months, the patient undergoes the standard quadruple therapy (Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol).
After that, the standard dual therapy is done for 4 months (Isoniazid and Rifampicin)
How must the treatment for TB be taken with regards to meal times?
1 hour before a meal
What happens to the treatment of TB is the CNS becomes involved?
Treatment is extended to 10 months
How is latent TB treated?
3 months of Rifampicin and Isoniazid and then 6 months of Isoniazid
What are the side effects of Pyrazinamide?
Hepatoxicity, joint pain, nausea, skin rashes
