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1. Theme 3: Excretory system and renal function > T3 L9: Acid-base balance > Flashcards

T3 L9: Acid-base balance Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pH of extracellular fluid (ECF)?

A

7.35 - 7.45

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of buffer systems?

A

Carbonic acid/bicarbonate, protein, phosphate

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3
Q

What significance does volatility have with excretion of acids?

A

The lungs can’t excrete non-volatile acids to maintain acid-base balance

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4
Q

Give examples of volatile acids

A

Carbonic acid

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5
Q

Give examples of non-volatile acids

A

Lactic acid

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6
Q

What is the normal pH of blood?

A

7.4

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7
Q

What is the normal pH of urine?

A

6 but it can go down to 4.5 if acid needs to be removed but any lower will cause kidney damage

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8
Q

What is the relationship between pH and plasma [CO2]?

A

Inverse

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9
Q

How are changes in pH detected?

A

By peripheral chemoreceptors

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10
Q

What effect does hyperventilation have on pCO2 and pH?

A

Decreased pCO2 and increased pH

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11
Q

What effect does hypoventilation have on pCO2 and pH?

A

Increased pCO2 and decreased pH

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12
Q

Which organ is the most effective regulator of body fluid pH?

A

The kidneys

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13
Q

What is the mechanism for the kidneys dealing with acidaemia?

A
  1. H+ is secreted into tubular fluid
  2. HCO3- is reabsorbed from tubular fluid
  3. More HCO3- is generated from amino acids

This is done by intercalated cells

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14
Q

What causes respiratory acidosis?

A

Inadequate ventilation. Can be acute or chronic

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15
Q

What are the 4 ways you can gain H+?

A

CO2 in blood, non-volatile acids from metabolism, loos of HCO3- in diarrhoea or non-gastric GI fluids, and loss of HCO3- in urine

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16
Q

What causes metabolic acidosis?

A

Results from all the conditions other than respiratory than cause decreased pH. Always chronic

17
Q

What is the treatment for metabolic acidosis?

A

Give IV isotonic HCO3- or give lactate solution

18
Q

What is the treatment for respiratory acidosis?

A

Restore ventilation, treat underlying dysfunction or disease, or give IV lactate solution

19
Q

What causes respiratory alkalosis?

A

Hyperventilation. Can be acute or chronic

20
Q

What causes metabolic alkalosis?

A

Results from all the conditions other than respiratory than cause increased pH. Always chronic

21
Q

How do you treat metabolic alkalosis?

A

Give electrolytes to replace those lost, give IV Cl-, or treat underlying disorder

22
Q

How do you treat respiratory alkalosis?

A

Breathe into a paper bag to increase pCO2, give IV Cl- solution or treat underlying disorder

1. Theme 3: Excretory system and renal function (12 decks)

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