T3 L5: Posterior abdominal wall

Question 1

What 4 types of bones make up the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 1

Ribs 11 and 12, Lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and ilia

Question 2

What 4 muscles make up the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 2

Diaphragm, quadratus lumborum, psoas (major and minor), and iliarcus

Question 3

At what level is the oesophageal hiatus?

Answer 3

T10

Question 4

At what level is the aortic hiatus?

Answer 4

T12

Question 5

At what level is the IVC hiatus?

Answer 5

T8

Question 6

What are the veins and arteries that supply the diaphragm?

Answer 6

Superior and inferior phrenic vessels

Question 7

Which nerves provide motor ability to the diaphragm?

Answer 7

Phrenic C3,4,5

Question 8

Which nerves provide sensory ability to the diaphragm?

Answer 8

C3,4,5

Question 9

Where is quadratus lumborum compared to the kidney?

Answer 9

Posterior

Question 10

Where does quadratus lumborum attach?

Answer 10

Iliac crest, rib 12, and laterally to the transversus abdominus muscle

Question 11

What is the function of quadratus lumborum?

Answer 11

Provides abdominal stability and causes lateral flexion

Question 12

Which vessels supply quadratus lumborum?

Answer 12

Lumbar veins and arteries

Question 13

Which nerves supply quadratus lumborum?

Answer 13

Lumbar nerves (T12-L4)

Question 14

Where do the Psoas muscles originate?

Answer 14

At the lumber vertabrae

Question 15

Where does the iliarcus muscle originate?

Answer 15

In the iliac fossa

Question 16

What is meant by iliopsoas and why?

Answer 16

Its the psoas major and minor and iliarcus muscle converge inferiorly

Question 17

Where does the iliopsoas insert?

Answer 17

At the lesser trochanter femur

Question 18

What is the function of the iliopsoas muscle?

Answer 18

Hip flexion

Question 19

Which vessels supply the Psoas muscles?

Answer 19

Lumbar veins and arteries

Question 20

Which vessels supply the iliarcus muscles?

Answer 20

Lumbar veins and arteries

Question 21

Which nerves supply the posoas muscles?

Answer 21

Femoral nerves (L2-L4)

Question 22

Which nerves supply the iliarcus muscles?

Answer 22

Femoral nerves (L2-L4)

Question 23

What are the 3 categories of branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 23

Midline, parietal and visceral

Question 24

What are the 3 branches at the midline level of the abdominal aorta and at what vertebral level do they occur?

Answer 24

Coeliac (T12), superior mesenteric (L1), and inferior mesenteric (L3)

Question 25

What is the name of the branch at the parietal level of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 25

Lumbar

Question 26

What are the 2 branches at the visceral level of the abdominal aorta and at what vertebral level do they occur?

Answer 26

Renal and Gonadal (testicular and ovarian) (L2)

Question 27

At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?

Answer 27

Level L4/5

Question 28

At about what size is an AAA considered a significant risk of rupture?

Answer 28

above 5.5cm. Any lower just requires monitoring

Question 29

What 2 plexi provide somatic innervation to the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 29

Lumbar and Sacral plexi

Question 30

What type of innervation provide purely autonomic nerves?

Answer 30

Splanchnic nerves

Question 31

What do the greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves innervate?

Answer 31

Everything above the adrenal glands

Question 32

What is somatic pain?

Answer 32

Well localised, sharp or stabbing pain felt in skin, fascia, and parietal peritoneum

Question 33

What is visceral pain and what causes it?

Answer 33

Poorly localised, dull ache or throbbing. Caused by stretching, ischaemia, or chemical damage

Question 34

Which organ referrers pain to T5-9?

Answer 34

Stomach

Question 35

Which organ referrers pain to T10?

Answer 35

Appendix

Question 36

Which organ referrers pain to T7-9?

Answer 36

Gallbladder

Question 37

Which organ referrers pain to C3 and 4?

Answer 37

The gallbladder with peritoneal involvement