T2DM Flashcards
Define T2DM
Chronic hyperglycaemia due to mild-signification insulin deficiency with or without resistance
What are the signs and sumptoms of T2DM?
Polyuria Polydispia (excessive thirst) Polyphagia (excessive hunger) Extreme fatigue Blurry vision Poor wound healing Recurrant infections Acanthosis Nigricans Obesity
What are the complications of T2DM?
ACUTE:
MACROVASCULAR:
MICROVASCULAR:
ACUTE: Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemia - high blood concerntration of glucose or salt.Can be fatal
MACROVASCULAR: Cardiovascular diseae, hypertension, stroke elevated homocysteine
MICROVASCULAR: Retinopathy, neuropathy, neuropathy
Depression
Periodontal disease
Alzheimer’s disease
Name some risk factors/causes of T2DM
FH Ethnicity - asain, african, afro-carbibean Age - 45 years Diet Alcohol High saturated fat Trans-fats low antioxidants high fructose syrup low fibre nutrient deficinecies sedentary lifestyle Obesity high oxidative stress chronic stress mitochondrial dysfunction poor methylation pre-diabetes gestational diabetes
List naturopathic approaches to T2DM
Balance blood sugar elvels -Low GL - Increase protein High vegetable High fibre Avoid refined carbohydrate snakcs Adress stress Reduce inflammation Boost antioxidants Sleep hygeine Avoid inflammatory foods/beverages Corect micro/macro deficiencies; Mg, Zn, B vitamins, Vitamin D, C, E, chromium, EFA Optimise insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function; cinnamon CoQ10 Silymarin Garlic Onions Fenugreek Panax gingsng Bitter melon Gymnema sylvestre N-acetyl cysteine
How can gut dysbiosis impact T2DM?
Gut dysbiosis can drive the inflammatory, modulate DCFA production and alter intestinal permaebility causing metabolic endotoxaemia and increasing LPS resulting in low grade inflammation
Name some GI bacteria that are shown to be protective against T2DM;
Bifidobacterium, bacteroides, faecalibacterium, akkermansia, roseburia
Which GI bacteria increases glycogen synthesis, improves translocation of GLUT4 and increases insulin stimulated glucose uptake?
Bifidobacterium
Which bacteria in the GI are associated with a higher risk of T2DM?
Ruminococcus, fusbacterium and blautia
List foods to avoid in T2DM
REfined carbohydrate snacks High GI/GL foods Vegetable oils Transfats Processed foods Surcose and fructose Fruit juice Large meals High red meat Artifical sweeteners Plastic packaging
List foods to include when supporting T2DM
High fibre Low GL fruits Omega-3 EVOO Green tea Mixed nuts Cinnamon Soluble fibre rich foods - whole foods, grains, nuts, seeds Fibrous veg
List nutrients/supplements to support T2DM and their dosages
Chromium - 200-1,000mcg Alpha-lipoic acid - 200-600mg Cinnamon - 1-6g Mg - 200-400mg Vitamin D - test Myoinositol - 4g Biotin - 1-2mg EPA and DHA - 3g Zn 15-20mg CoQ10 - 100-200mg
Why is chromium useful in T2DM support?
Reduces carbohydrate cravings
Increases tyrosine kinase
Why is ALA useful in T2DM support?
Antioxidant
Increases GLUT4 translocation = increasing glucose uptake into cells
Why is cinnamon usful in supporting T2DM?
enhanes insulin sensitvity and promotes insulin release
