Blood Glucose Regulation

Question 1

Describe how glucose works in the body

Answer 1

1. An increase in glucose stimulates insulin to promote GLUT4 to take it into the cell the be used as energy.
2. Alternatively, if glucose cannot be used for immediate energy, glucose is stored using glucose-6-phosphate as glycogen. This is then stored as fat in adipose tissues.

Question 2

Blood glucose is mediated by….

Answer 2

the pancreas by insulin and glucagon

Question 3

When is glucagen pulled out of cell storage?

Answer 3

In cases of stress or low sugar by cortisol

Question 4

What is AMPK?

Answer 4

Activated Protein Kinase. Used to up regulate the cell to get the cell to burn energy more quikcly. Used in excerise

Question 5

What upregulated AMPK and PGC1a?

Answer 5

Exercise or cold temperatures

Question 6

On a HbA1c test, what is considered normal?

Answer 6

<42mmol/mol

6.0%

Question 7

On a HbA1c test, what is considered prediebtes?

Answer 7

Between 42-47mmol/mol

6.0-6.4%

Question 8

On a HbA1c test, what is considered Diabetic range?

Answer 8

> 48

>6.5% or over

Question 9

What is Diabetes Mellitus?

Answer 9

A group of metabolic disorders with persistent hyperglycaemia

Question 10

What are the 5 types of Diabetes Mellitus?

Answer 10

T1DM
T2DM
Prediabetes
Gestational diabetes
Secondary diabetes

Question 11

What is T1DM?

Answer 11

Autoimmune, absolute insulin deficiency

Question 12

What is T2DM?

Answer 12

Insulin resistance, relative deficiency. insidious

Question 13

What is prediabetes?

Answer 13

Hyperglycaemia. Increased risk of T2DM and metabolic syndrome

Question 14

What is gestational diabetes?

Answer 14

Developed during pregnancy, normal resolves but poses risk for future T2DM

Question 15

What is secondary diabetes mellitus?

Answer 15

Pancreatic disease, acromegaly, cushings, hyperthyroidms, corticosteroid treatment