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Endocrine Health > Hypothyroidism > Flashcards

Hypothyroidism Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 classifications of hypothyroidism?

A 
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Peripheral
Subclinical
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2
Q

Define Primary classification of hypothyroidism

A

High TSH, low T4 and T3. Due to iodine deficinecy, autoimmunity, viral infections,drugs, postpartum

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3
Q

Define Secondary Hypothyroidism

A

Rare. low TSH. Inadequate TSH from pituitary gland to signal thyroid hormone release.

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4
Q

Define Tertiary hypothyroidism

A

Rare hypothalamic disease where there is inadequate TRH

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5
Q

Define Peripheral hypothyroidism

A

Insensitivity to thyroid hormones

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6
Q

Define subclinical hypothyroidism

A

What the GP considers normal. Elevated TSH and normal FT4.

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7
Q

What is the optimal status of TSH?

A

2.5 or less

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8
Q

Hypothyroidism is linked to risk of what diseases?

A 
Heart failure
Coronary artery diseases
Infertility
Cognitive impairment
Fatigue
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9
Q

List some symptoms of hypothyroidism

A 
Fatigue
Weight gain/inability to lose weight
Irregular/heavy periods
low libido
Infertility/miscarriage
Puffy face
Swollen eyelids
Goitre
Oedema
Intolerence to cold
Joint/muscle pain/weakness
High cholesterol (LDL)
Dry skin
Elbow keratosis
Brittle nails
Hair loss
Thinning of hair or eyebrows
Brain fog
Depression
Easy bruising
Constipation
Gas/bloating
Headaches
Bradycardia
Carpel tunnel syndrome
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10
Q

What are the causes/risks of hypothyroidism?

A 
Iodine deficiney
Goitrgoens
Women (oestrogen)
Increasing age (40years)
Drugs - amidraone/lithium
Congenital
Lack of key nutrients
Chronic stress
Blood sugar imbalance
Infection
Inflammation
HPT disruptors
Alcohol
Smoking
Hereditry
Post-ablative therapy/surgery
Post partum
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11
Q

What is Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis?

A

An autoimmune response disease that attacks the thyroid tissue reducing thyroid hormones.

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12
Q

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT) affects which gender moreso? At what ratio?

A

Females. 10:1

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13
Q

What clinical test results indicate HT?

A

High TSH
low FT4
High TPO
Presence of anti-Tg and TB||

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14
Q

What complications are often implicated with HT?

A

EBV

H.pylori

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15
Q

What are the causes/risk factors of HT?

A 
EBV
H. pylori
Excess iodine
SNPs - VDR, GC. MTHFR
Coeliac Disease
LEaky gut
Food allergens
Sleep apnoea
Heavy metals - mercury, lead, cadmium
Triclosan
Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines
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16
Q

What allopathic treatment is used in HT? What is absorption of the drug impaired by?

A 
Levothyroxine (synthetic T4)
Coeliac disease
Atrophic gastritis
Coffee
PPI
17
Q

What nutrients need to be carefully considered when considering supplementation for HT?

A

Tyrosine and Iodine

18
Q

When taking a naturopathic approach to HT, list ways in which triggers and mediators can be address…

A 
Micronutrient status
Support T4-T3 conversion
Review iodine status
Optimise digestion
Support methylation
Remove thyroid disruptors
Address dysbiosis/SIBO
Assess pathogens
Heavy metals
Support detoxifiaction and elimination
Support SCFA-producers
Assess for coeliac disease
Identify food intolerances
Increase exercise
Identify sleep disorders
19
Q

Name naturopathic ways to approach HT

A

Reduce inflammation
- omega3:6 ratio
- avoid transfats, sugar, alcohol, smoking, high GL foods, limit arachodonic acid foods
-Blood sugar balance and improve insulin sensitivty
- Increase antioxidant sources to reduce oxidative stress
Reduce Goitrogens
Balance T-cell functioning
- Address intestinal permeability
- Commensal bacteria
- Support SIgA

20
Q

How can goitrogens be reduces?

A

Soaking, cooking, steaming, boiling

21
Q

What nutritional support can be given to someone with HT?

A

Selenium - 150-200mcg/day (Narrow Toxicity Range)
Zinc - 15-30mg/day
Iron - Up to 10mg/day (30mg/day if deficent)
Vitamin A - 2000IU
Tyrosine - 200-500mg
Vitamin D - 2000IU
Antioxidants - Vit. C, E. Cysteine and Glutathione
Copper
B2
B3

22
Q

Why is Selenium useful as nutritional support in HT?

A 
Antioxidant
Anti-inflammatory
Increases T3
Contains selenoenzymes
Reduces cytokines nad thyroid antibodies
23
Q

Why must caution be taken with selenium when supporting HT?

A

It has a narrow toxicity range and excessive levels can increase iodine deficiency

24
Q

Why is Zinc useful when supporting HT?

A

Cofactor for D2
Plays a role in TRH synthesis
DNA-binding component of thyroid receptors
Low Zn = low levels of FT3, normal T4 and elevated RT3

25
Q

Why is Iron needed for support in HT?

A

TPO is haem-dependant
Anaemia decreases T4 and T3
Anaemia blunts the efficacy of iodine supplements

26
Q

When must you not supplement with Iodine in cases of thyroid conditions?

A

In autoimmune thyroid diseases, hyper thryoid or with thyroxine use

27
Q

How can vitamin A be useful in supporting HT?

A

A deficiency increases TSH
Deficiency reduces iodine uptake
Modulates thyroid hormone receptor functions

28
Q

How can tyrosine be useful in supporting HT?

A

Precursor to thyroglobulin

29
Q

How can Vitamin D support HT?

A

Deficiency of vitamin D is high in autoimmune thyroid diseases
Modulates the immune system

30
Q

What herbs can be used when supporting HT?

A

Black seed oil
Thyroid Glandulars - Porcine/bovine thyroid concerntrate
Ashwagandha
Guggul

31
Q

How can Black seed oil help suopprt HT?

A

Antioxidant
Modulates immune system
Reduces TSH. TPO antibodies, increases T3

32
Q

How can Thyroid glandulars support HT?

A

the like’for’like principle - provides T3, T4 and relevant cofactors

33
Q

How can ashwagandha be supportive in HT?

A

Improves TSH, T4 and T3 levels
Immunomodulator
Aids T4-T3 conversion

34
Q

How can Guggul support HT?

A

Enhances iodine uptake and TPO

Endocrine Health (7 decks)

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