Hyperthyroidism Flashcards
What are the 2 subcategories of hyperthyroidism?
Thyrotoxicosis
Thyroiditis
What is Thyrotoxicosis?
Increased synthesis of thyroid hormones
What are the key causes of thyrotoxicosis?
Graves disease (AI)
Multiodular goitre
Adenoma
Iodine induced
What is Thyroiditis?
Increased release of stored hormones due to thyroid damage
What are the main causes of thyroiditis?
Viral infections
Autoimmunity
Amiodraone
What does hyperthyroidism do to the metabolic rate?
Increases it
What are the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
Goitre Thinning of hair Hair loss Warm, moist skin Sweating Heat intolerence Irritability Nervousness Anxiety Insomnia Lid retraction Psycosis Muscle weakness Fine motor tremor Thirst Diarrhoea Tachycardia Palpitations Shortness of breath Exertion Aterial fibulation Heart failure Angina Mesntural irregularities Graves orbitopathy Weight loss despite increases appetite
What is Grave’s Disease (GD)?
Autoimmune hyperthyroid condition.
- B+T-lymphocyte-mediated autoimmunty
- Abnormal IgG (TRAbs) occupt TSH receptors leading to enlargement of the thyroid gland and excess production and secretion of thyroid hormones.
- TPO antibodies
What is Graves Orbitopathy?
Antibody-mediated inflammation of orbital contents. Often asymmetrical. Happens in about 25% of GD. Can present are photophobia (watery eyes) Exophthalmos (eyeball protrusion)
What is Grave’s Dermopathy?
Painless rash appears thick and lumpy and orange peel-like on lower legs and tops of feet
What are the causes and risk factors of Hyperthyroidism?
FH Stress Inflammation/oxidative stress Excess iodine intake Dysbiosis Food allergy/intolerence Heavy metals Smoking (cadmium) Other AI conditions; Coeliac T1DM Pernicious anaemia Infections Vitamins D, selenium, CoQ10 deficiency
On testing, how does hyperthyroidism present?
Low TSH, High FT3 and FT4 (sometimes FT4 is normal)
How does GD present on testing?
T3:T4 >20
FT3:FT4 >0.3
Presence of TPO antiobodies or TRAbs
What does subclinical hyperthyroidism look like on a test?
Low but detectable TSH 0.1-0.4mlU/L.
T3/T4 usually normal
What does Thyroiditis look like on testing?
Raised ESR or CRP
What micronutrient deficencies should addressed when supporting hyperthyroidism?
Selenium, Zn, Vit. A, C, D, E B vitamins Carnitine Mg CoQ10 Glutathione NAC
Supplmentation of Selenium can slow eye disease in GD but what is the dosage?
200mcg/day
What naturopathic approaches should be taken to support hyperthyroidism?
Support nutrient deficincies
Increase antioxants
Avoid iodine
Increase goitrogens
Reduce inflammation and insulin resistance
Suport nervous system by balancing blood sugar and HPA axis
Address gut health
Support thyroid hormone clearance - support suphation
Support gluronidation
What other areas can be supported when taking a naturopathic appraoch to hyperthyroidism?
Eye health
Increase Metabolism
Weight loss
Name 2 supplements and their dosages that can help support hyperhtyroidism
Carnitine
2,000-4,000mg/day
Vitamin D
2,000IU/day but test first
What supplements/nutritents should be avoided when supplementing Hyperthyroidism?
Iodine and tyrosine
How can Carnitine be helpful in the support of hyperthyroidism?
Can prevent/reverse muscle weakness
Antagonises thyroid hormones
Preevnts thyroid storm
How can Vitamin D help support hyperthyroisim?
Key role in immunity
Slows disease progression
What other natural approaches can support Hyperthyroidism?
Passionflower Valeria Ashwagandha Mg Theanine Bugleweed Motherwort Lemonbalm
How can Bugleweed support hyperthyroidism?
reduces T4
How can lemonbalm support hyperthyroidism?
blocks thyroid hromone activity
