T2 - Neurocognitive Disorder (Josh) Flashcards
If Delirium progresses, what can it become?
Hallucination
Illision
—- is an acute and rapid (sudden or over several days) onset of disturbance in attention, awareness, and cognition (p. 333 text)
Delirium
What must happen to be diagnosed w/ Mild Neurocognitive Disorder?
changes that impact cognitive functioning
Difference b/t Alzheimer’s and Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder?
VND has a more ABRUPT onset
Difference b/t Alzheimer’s and Vascular NCD.
Vascular NCD is more abrupt onset
— is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss
Agnosia
An example of a treatable form of NCD is one that is caused by which of the following (SATA)?
a) Multiple Sclerosis
b) Multiple small brain infarcts
c) Electrolyte imbalances
d) HIV
e) Folate deficiency
c) Electrolyte imbalances
e) Folate deficiency
Causes of Major NCD:
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Frontotemporal lobar degeneration
- Lewy body disease
- Vascular disease
- Traumatic brain injury
- Substance/medication use or withdrawal
- HIV infection
- Prion disease
- Parkinson’s disease
- Huntington’s disease
— is helpful for the families of client’s w/ NCD.
Respite
- offering them a time away from the constant care of the client
Mr. Stone is a client w/ a diagnosis of Vascular NCD. In explaining the disorder to the family, which of the following is correct?
a) He will probably live longer than if his disorder was of the Alzheimers type
b) Vascular NCD shows step-wise progression. This is why he sometimes seems okay
c) Vascular NCD is caused by plaques and tangles that form in the brain.
d) The cause of Vascular NCD is unknown
b) Vascular NCD shows step-wise progression. This is why he sometimes seems okay
NCDs are differentiated according to —
etiology
— goes beyond normal issues of aging.
Mild neurocognitive disorder
A person w/ a Neurocognitive Disorder — have delirium.
CAN
- NCD symptoms will worsen
Which area of the brain is involved in delirium and NCD?
Reticular Activation System
- responsible for consciousness, attention, and sleep-wake cycle
Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s
- Age
- Female
- Brain Trauma
- Family History
In addition to disturbances in cognition and orientation, individuals w/ Alzheimers may also show changes in… (SATA)
a) Personality
b) Vision
c) Speech
d) Hearing
e) Mobility
a) Personality
c) Speech
e) Mobility
A nurse is making a home visit to a client who is in late stage of Alzheimer’s disease. The client’s spouse, who is the primary caregiver, wishes to discuss concerns about the client’s nutrition and the stress of providing care. Which of the following is an appropriate action by the nurse?
a) Verify that a current power of attorney document is on file
b) Instruct the client’s spouse to offer finger foods to increase oral intake
c) Provide information on resources for respite care
d) Schedule the client for placement of an enteral feeding tube
c) Provide information on resources for respite care
Factors that reduce the risk/delay the onset of NCD.
- Good lung function
- Physical exercise
- Life long learning
- Healthy nutrition
- Quality and active social life
- Stimulating environment
- Quality sleep
- Stress management
- Optimistic outlook
– is most preventable and the second most common form of NCD.
Vascular NCD
What will allow interventions for Mild NCD to be most effective?
early detection
With —- there is significant decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains — such as complex attention, executive function, learning, memory, language, perceptual-motor or social cognition.
Major NCD
Stages of Alzheimer’s (according to ATI)
1) No impairment
2) Very mild cognitive decline (Forgetfullness)
3) Mild cognitive decline
4) Moderate cognitive decline
5) Moderately Severe cognitive decilne
6) Severe cognitive decline
7) Very Severe cognitive decline
— is usually secondary to another medical condition (infection, substance use, etc.)
— is not related to another mental health disorder and irreversible and progressive.
Delirium
NCD
The — is a series of specific connected neurons and neural fibers (neuronal circuits) that originate from the brain stem and connect to regions of the brain (Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebellum).
Reticular Activation System
The prevalence of vascular NCD is higher in —
men