T2 L8: Blood transfusion Flashcards
Who discovered circulation?
William Harvey (1628)
Who was transfused the blood of 3 boys on their deathbed?
Pope innocent VIII (1492)
Who did dog to dog blood transfusions?
Richard Lower (1665)
Who recognised the blood of blood incompatibility and is now called the father of transfusion medicine?
Karl Landsteiner (1909). He identified agglutinins in the blood and used them to distinguish the main blood groups. Won a Nobel prize in 1930
When did HIV and Hep C testing begin with blood transfusion?
HIV in 1986, Hep C in 1991
What are agglutinins?
Naturally occurring IgM antibodies that can fix complement and cause red cell lysis
What does transfusion of ABO incompatible blood cause?
Intravascular lysis
What antigens and antibodies does blood group A have?
A antigens and anti-B antibodies
What antigens and antibodies does blood group B have?
B antigens and anti-A antibodies
What antigens and antibodies does blood group AB have?
A and B antigens and no antibodies
What antigens and antibodies does blood group O have?
No antigens and A and B antibodies
Describe the results for an agglutination reaction to show group A blood
Blood will react with Anti-A and Anti-AB but not anti-B
What is the difference between forward and reverse grouping with the agglutination reaction?
Reverse grouping involves mixing plasma with known blood cells. The two should be opposites
What is the most common blood type?
Type O (46%), followed by type A (42%), then type B (9%) and type AB (3%). A and B are dominant alleles
What blood type is a risk factor of COVID?
Type A
