T2 L6: Haemostasis Flashcards
What is DIC?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a disorder where clotting factors become overactive so end up being used up
What is thrombocytopaenia?
Low blood platelet count
What is haemothrosis?
Bleeding into joints
What is hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) (Also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome)?
disorder that causes some blood vessels to not develop properly (arteriovenous malformation)
What is Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?
A group of conditions that cause very flexible joints and stretchy and fragile skin
What is scurvy?
Vitamin C deficiency
What is meant by senile?
Increased fragility due to age. Can increase chances of bleeding
What is the normal range of platelets?
150-400 billion (x10^9)
What is an epistaxis?
A nose bleed
What is Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?
When the body produces antibodies against platelets. It’s most common in children and is triggered by infection
What is the platelet count for thrombocytopaenia?
<150 billion (x10^9)
What are the treatments when platelets <20 x 10^9?
- steroids and/or intravenous Ig’s (given in emergency because they don’t treat the cause)
- Thrombopoietin agonist
- Immunosuppressant
- splenectomy
What type of drug is Romiplostim?
A thrombopoietin agonist
What type of drug is Rituximab?
An immunosuppressant
What is erythropoietin?
A hormone produced by the kidneys to stimulate production of red blood cells
What is thrombopoeitin?
A hormone produced by the kidneys and liver to stimulate productions of platelets
How do platelets work?
The supress B-cell maturation into plasma cells
How can aspirin cause decreased platelet function?
It inhibits thromboxane’s which are responsible for platelet aggregation
What are NSAID’s?
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
How can NSAID’s decrease platelet function?
It inhibits thromboxane’s which are responsible for platelet aggregation
What type of drug is Voltarol?
An NSAID
What does prothrombinase do?
Converts prothrombin (factor 2) into thrombin (factor 2a)
What is the difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation cascade?
Extrinsic is activated by external trauma that causes blood to leak out of vessels. The intrinsic pathway is activated by trauma inside the vascular system, and is activated by platelets, exposed endothelium, chemicals, or collagen.
What are chelating drugs?
They bind to metals in the bloodstream and collect them all into a compound that’s filtered through the kidneys and released in urine
How does EDTA stop blood coagulation?
It chelates Ca2+ from blood
