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1. Theme 2 > SYMPOSIUM: Leukaemia > Flashcards

SYMPOSIUM: Leukaemia Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of white blood cells

A

Neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, and activated lymphocyte

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2
Q

What are growth factirs?

A

Chemical involved in maturation

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3
Q

What is G-CSF?

A

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor. It promotes maturation of neutrophils

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4
Q

What are some clinical features of Leukaemia?

A

Myelofibrosis causing splenomegaly, polycythaemia rubra vera (too many RBC’s), Essential thrombocythemia (too many platelets)

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5
Q

JAK-STAT is the signalling pathway for which factors?

A

Erythropoietin and G-CSF

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6
Q

What is chronic myeloid leukaemia characterised by?

A

Too many white cells

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7
Q

What is the ‘Philadelphia chromosome’?

A

The chromosome mutation common to those with chronic myeloid leukaemia

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8
Q

What is FISH used for?

A

It detects the BCR-ABL oncogene to diagnose chronic myeloid leukaemia

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Imatinib?

A

It binds to ABL kinase and normalises blood counts. It’s the first targeted treatment for cancer

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10
Q

Is it true that CML can occasionally transform into AML?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What is acute myeloid leukaemia characterised by?

A

Uncontrolled proliferation of primitive cells in the bone marrow and causes bone marrow failure

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12
Q

What are leukaemia blasts?

A

Rapidly dividing cells that don’t function properly

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13
Q

What are some clinical features of AML?

A

Anaemia, infections, Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), ulcers, infiltration, and bruising

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14
Q

How can AML be diagnosed?

A

Morphology, genetics, cytogenetics, FISH

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15
Q

How is AML treated?

A

Chemotherapy

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16
Q

What is supportive therapy and why is it needed with AML?

A

Antibiotics, antifungals and blood transfusions given because while the bone marrow is recovering from chemotherapy, the patient is at risk of opportunistic infections

17
Q

What is an allograft?

A

A tissue graft from a donor of the same species as the recipient but not genetically identical

18
Q

What are the lines of treatment for neutropenic sepsis?

A

1st line - Tazocin +/- Gentamcin
2nd line - Switch to Meropenem +/- Teicoplanin for Gram +ve bacteria
3rd line - Add antifungal like Ambisome

19
Q

What is graft-vs-host disease?

A

Caused when there is a mismatch between major or minor HLA loci

20
Q

How can graft-vs-host disease be prevented?

A

T-cell depletion of infused donor blood and immunosuppression of patient

21
Q

What are -mab drugs?

A

Monoclonal antibodies

22
Q

What are -nib drugs?

A

Small molecule inhibitors

23
Q

What is the most common leukaemia in children?

A

ALA (Acute lymphoblastic anaemia)

1. Theme 2 (12 decks)

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