T2 L8: Anatomy of the biliary tract and the spleen

Question 1

Where is the pancreas compared to the stomach?

Answer 1

Posterior

Question 2

Where is the spleen compared to the stomach?

Answer 2

Lateral

Question 3

What do hepatocytes secrete into?

Answer 3

Canaliculi which then join to enter bile ductules and then the ducts in the portal triad

Question 4

What type of epithelium forms ductules of the liver?

Answer 4

Cuboidal epithelium

Question 5

What type of epithelium forms the ducts of the liver?

Answer 5

Columnar epithelium

Question 6

What is a cholecysectomy?

Answer 6

Gallbladder removal

Question 7

What duct carries bile from the gallbladder to the common bile duct?

Answer 7

The cystic duct

Question 8

Describe the biliary tree

Answer 8

Left and right sectoral ducts each have their hepatic ducts that join to form the common hepatic duct. The cystic duct joins to form the common bile duct and then the pancreatic duct joins to form the duodenum

Question 9

Why does the duct wall have a lot of fibrous connective tissue?

Answer 9

Because it carries a larger volume

Question 10

What is the ampulla of Vater?

Answer 10

A small opening that enters into the duodenum and its surrounded by the sphincter of Oddi

Question 11

Where is the bile duct compared to the portal vein?

Answer 11

It’s anterior

Question 12

Where is the bile duct compared to the hepatic artery?

Answer 12

To the right

Question 13

What are the 3 functions of the gallbladder?

Answer 13

1. store and secrete bile
2. selectively absorb bile salts
3. excrete cholesterol and mucous

Question 14

What is the gallbladder adhered to?

Answer 14

The fundus of the stomach and the inferior portion of the liver

Question 15

What are the 3 sections of the stomach?

Answer 15

The fundus, body, and neck of the stomach

Question 16

Why does ingesting fatty food worsen symptoms related to blockages in the biliary tree?

Answer 16

Bile production is stimulated by fat. The more fat you eat, the more bile will be produced but it won’t be able to get past the blockage so the pain will just get worse

Question 17

Why would heavy exercise worsen symptoms related to a blockage in the biliary tree?

Answer 17

It would put pressure on the abdominal organs

Question 18

What arteries supply the pancreas?

Answer 18

Splenic, coeliac trunk, and pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Question 19

What veins drain the pancreas?

Answer 19

Pancreatic veins that drain into the portal vein

Question 20

What nerves innervate the pancreas?

Answer 20

Coeliac ganglia and vagus nerve

Question 21

What is the Wirsung in the pancreas?

Answer 21

The pancreatic small exocrine ducts joining form the Wirsung that then goes on to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla/ ampulla of vater

Question 22

What is the function of the major duodenal papilla?

Answer 22

The bile and pancreatic ducts use it to empty their contents into the duodenum

Question 23

What are the 2 roles of the spleen?

Answer 23

1. removes old blood cells

2. produces blood cells during foetal life

Question 24

What is the parenchyma of an organ?

Answer 24

Its the functional tissue of an organ

Question 25

What is the function of the red pulp of the spleen?

Answer 25

It’s full of blood filled sinuses where the spleen acts as a filter for blood

Question 26

What is the function of the white pulp of the spleen?

Answer 26

It’s the lymphatic tissue full of lymphocytes and macrophages

Question 27

Which organ in the abdomen is surrounded by a connective tissue (CT) capsule?

Answer 27

The spleen

Question 28

What type of capillary is found in the spleen?

Answer 28

Sinusoidal capillaries