T2 L3: Role of ATP in living cells 2 Flashcards
What 4 metabolic molecules can pyruvate be turned into?
Lactate, Oxaloacetate, Alanine, and Acetyl-CoA
How is pyruvate transported into mitochondria?
By complete oxidation
Where does Glycolysis occur?
In the cytosol
What is the name of the reaction for converting pyruvate into Acetyl-CoA and what enzyme is used?
Oxidative decarboxylation by pyruvate dehydrogenase (Its irreversible)
Describe the link reaction that turns pyruvate into acetyl-CoA
Pyruvate + CoA + NAD+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+
What is the mnemonic to remember each of the intermediates of the TCA cycle?
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What enzyme converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA?
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
What are the 3 sources of acetyl-CoA?
Glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids
What is the role of anaplerotic reactions in the TCA cycle?
They help replenish the intermediates
What products does each cycle of the TCA cycle produce?
3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP (ATP), 2 CO2
Where are NADH and FADH2 oxidised?
In the e- transport chain of mitochondria
What is the name of the shuttle that transports e- from NADH into the mitochondria of brain and muscle cells?
The glyceryl-3-phosphate shuttle
What is the name of the shuttle that transports e- from NADH into mitochondria of heart and liver cells?
The malate-aspartate shuttle
Describe the role of glyceryl-3-phosphate in transporting e- into cells
G-3-P dehydrogenase co-catalyses the reaction to turn DHAP into glyceryl-3-phosphate and NADH into NAD+
