T2 L1: Anatomy of the liver

Question 1

What are the 4 functions of the liver?

Answer 1

Detoxification, protein synthesis, Bile production, and Glycogen storage

Question 2

What is the ligamentum teres (round) a remnant of?

Answer 2

Of the umbilical vein (It goes all the way down to the umbilicus)

Question 3

What ligament separates the anterior lobes of the liver?

Answer 3

The falciform ligament

Question 4

What does the bare surface of the liver have contact with?

Answer 4

The diaphragm

Question 5

What 2 impressions form on the liver?

Answer 5

The gastric and renal impression

Question 6

What can you see from a posterior view of the liver?

Answer 6

The quadrate and caudate lobes

Question 7

What ligament separates the posterior lobes of the liver?

Answer 7

The falciform ligament

Question 8

What lobes does the porta hepatis separate?

Answer 8

The quadrate and caudate lobes

Question 9

What does the coronary ligament link up?

Answer 9

The diaphragm to the liver

Question 10

What does the lesser omentum link up?

Answer 10

The liver to the stomach

Question 11

What does the falciform ligament link up?

Answer 11

The anterior abdominal wall to the liver

Question 12

What structures does the lesser omentum enclose?

Answer 12

hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct and lymph vessels

Question 13

What is the porta hepatis?

Answer 13

The posterior part of the liver where vessels go in and out of

Question 14

What artery supplies the foregut?

Answer 14

Coeliac trunk

Question 15

What artery supplies the midgut?

Answer 15

Superior mesenteric

Question 16

What artery supplies the hindgut?

Answer 16

Inferior mesenteric

Question 17

The renal vein goes over what artery anatomically?

Answer 17

The aorta

Question 18

What vessels come together to form the portal vein?

Answer 18

The superior mesenteric and splenic veins

Question 19

What vessel brings deoxygenated blood from the gut to the liver?

Answer 19

The portal vein

Question 20

What vessel brings oxygenated blood from the heart to the liver?

Answer 20

The hepatic artery

Question 21

What are the 3 branches of the coeliac artery?

Answer 21

The left gastric, splenic, and hepatic arteries

Question 22

At what spinal level does the coeliac artery branch off the aorta?

Answer 22

At T12/L1

Question 23

What are some hepatic artery variations?

Answer 23

Right hepatic artery replaced by the superior mesenteric artery.
Left hepatic artery replaced by the left gastric artery
Tricurfaction of the common hepatic artery into the right hepatic, left hepatic and gastroduodenal arteries

Question 24

What are the 3 types of capillaries?

Answer 24

Continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoid capillaries

Question 25

What are liver couinaud?

Answer 25

The segments of liver divided according to how the hepatic artery and portal vein subdivide

Question 26

What forms the portal triad?

Answer 26

Hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile ducts (and a central vein in the centre)

Question 27

What 4 metabolic functions do hepatocytes perform?

Answer 27

1. Synthesis and release of plasma proteins like albumin and clotting factors 2. Deaminating amino acids creating ammonia which is then converted to urea 3. converting bilirubin to bile pigment 4. production of bile salts for emulsification

Question 28

What is portocaval anastomosis?

Answer 28

Branches between the portal and systemic systems

Question 29

What are the 2 common presentations that indicate blocked portal hepatis?

Answer 29

varicoses and caput medusa (both show up on the abdomen)

Question 30

What is a Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt?

Answer 30

TIPS is used to reduce portal hypertension. It diverts blood from the portal vein to the IVC

Question 31

At what rate is bile secreted by hepatocytes?

Answer 31

40ml/hr

Question 32

What is the function of the sphincter of Oddi?

Answer 32

It's at the bottom of the biliary tree and prevents bile from flowing into the duodenum unwanted

Question 33

What lymph nodes does the liver drain into?

Answer 33

The coeliac nodes

Question 34

What do the coeliac nodes drain into?

Answer 34

Cisterna chyli (found at the bottom of the thoracic duct)