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1. Theme 2: Liver and regulation of metabolism > T2 L1: Anatomy of the liver > Flashcards

T2 L1: Anatomy of the liver Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 functions of the liver?

A

Detoxification, protein synthesis, Bile production, and Glycogen storage

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2
Q

What is the ligamentum teres (round) a remnant of?

A

Of the umbilical vein (It goes all the way down to the umbilicus)

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3
Q

What ligament separates the anterior lobes of the liver?

A

The falciform ligament

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4
Q

What does the bare surface of the liver have contact with?

A

The diaphragm

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5
Q

What 2 impressions form on the liver?

A

The gastric and renal impression

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6
Q

What can you see from a posterior view of the liver?

A

The quadrate and caudate lobes

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7
Q

What ligament separates the posterior lobes of the liver?

A

The falciform ligament

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8
Q

What lobes does the porta hepatis separate?

A

The quadrate and caudate lobes

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9
Q

What does the coronary ligament link up?

A

The diaphragm to the liver

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10
Q

What does the lesser omentum link up?

A

The liver to the stomach

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11
Q

What does the falciform ligament link up?

A

The anterior abdominal wall to the liver

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12
Q

What structures does the lesser omentum enclose?

A

hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct and lymph vessels

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13
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

A

The posterior part of the liver where vessels go in and out of

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14
Q

What artery supplies the foregut?

A

Coeliac trunk

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15
Q

What artery supplies the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric

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16
Q

What artery supplies the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric

17
Q

The renal vein goes over what artery anatomically?

A

The aorta

18
Q

What vessels come together to form the portal vein?

A

The superior mesenteric and splenic veins

19
Q

What vessel brings deoxygenated blood from the gut to the liver?

A

The portal vein

20
Q

What vessel brings oxygenated blood from the heart to the liver?

A

The hepatic artery

21
Q

What are the 3 branches of the coeliac artery?

A

The left gastric, splenic, and hepatic arteries

22
Q

At what spinal level does the coeliac artery branch off the aorta?

A

At T12/L1

23
Q

What are some hepatic artery variations?

A

Right hepatic artery replaced by the superior mesenteric artery.
Left hepatic artery replaced by the left gastric artery
Tricurfaction of the common hepatic artery into the right hepatic, left hepatic and gastroduodenal arteries

24
Q

What are the 3 types of capillaries?

A

Continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoid capillaries

25
Q

What are liver couinaud?

A

The segments of liver divided according to how the hepatic artery and portal vein subdivide

26
Q

What forms the portal triad?

A

Hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile ducts (and a central vein in the centre)

27
Q

What 4 metabolic functions do hepatocytes perform?

A
  1. Synthesis and release of plasma proteins like albumin and clotting factors
  2. Deaminating amino acids creating ammonia which is then converted to urea
  3. converting bilirubin to bile pigment
  4. production of bile salts for emulsification
28
Q

What is portocaval anastomosis?

A

Branches between the portal and systemic systems

29
Q

What are the 2 common presentations that indicate blocked portal hepatis?

A

varicoses and caput medusa (both show up on the abdomen)

30
Q

What is a Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt?

A

TIPS is used to reduce portal hypertension. It diverts blood from the portal vein to the IVC

31
Q

At what rate is bile secreted by hepatocytes?

A

40ml/hr

32
Q

What is the function of the sphincter of Oddi?

A

It’s at the bottom of the biliary tree and prevents bile from flowing into the duodenum unwanted

33
Q

What lymph nodes does the liver drain into?

A

The coeliac nodes

34
Q

What do the coeliac nodes drain into?

A

Cisterna chyli (found at the bottom of the thoracic duct)

1. Theme 2: Liver and regulation of metabolism (15 decks)

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