T2 L17: Multiple pregnancies Flashcards
What is a monozygotic pregnancy?
1 egg resulting is 2 identical babies
What is a dizygotic pregnancy?
2 eggs resulting in 2 nonidentical babies
They have separate amnions, chorions, and placentae
What type of twins occur if the early blastocyst splits?
Monozygotic twins because they are from the same egg and early splitting yields 2 inner cell masses
They will have a common chorion but separate amnions and a joined placentae
What type of twins occur if the blastocyst splits later?
Monozygotic twins because they’re from the same egg and later splitting will yield 2 embryos from 1 inner cell mass
They will have a common chorion, amnion, and joined placentae
What is a stillbirth by definition?
Death after 24 weeks of gestation
What is early neonatal mortality by definition?
Death in the first 7 days after birth
What is neonatal mortality by definition?
Death in the first 18 days after birth
What is perinatal mortality by definition?
A stillbirth or death as an early neonate
What is infant mortality by definition?
Death within the 1st year after birth
What is the twin pregnancy management in the first trimester?
Discuss screening for chromosomal abnormalities
Determine chronicity
Discuss foetal reduction if triplets or more
What is the twin pregnancy management in the second trimester?
Detection of foetal abnormalities
Serial scans for growth in all
Serial scans for
Maternal complications twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome if monozygotic twins
What is twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome?
One twin gives away more blood than it receives in return and runs the risk of malnourishment and organ failure. The other twin receives too much blood and is susceptible to overwork of the heart and other cardiac complications
It’s caused by an unbalanced placental vascular anastomosis
What is the twin pregnancy management in the third trimester?
Same scans as in second trimester
Monitor blood pressure
Pre-term labour
Delivery planning
What is puerperium?
The 6 week period after childbirth when the mother’s reproductive organs return to their original non-pregnant condition
