T2 L15: Congenital face deformities Flashcards
What are the 4 pharyngeal arches during the development of the face and what is associated with them?
Hyoid
Mandibular
Third and fourth
Associated with the mesoderm, cartilages, nerves, and aortic arch aorta
What is the second pharyngeal arch and what does it create?
The mandibular
It creates Merkel’s cartilage, sphenomandibular ligament, malleus, and incus and the muscles of mastication
What is the second pharyngeal arch and what does it create?
The Hyoid arch
It creates part of the body and lesser horn of hyoid, stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament and the muscles of facial expression
Which nerves innervate each of the pharyngeal arches?
Arch 1: Trigeminal
Arch 2: Facial
Arch 3: Glossopharyngeal
Arch 4: Vagus
What us a Thyroglossal cyst and how does it develop?
Th thyroid develops and then moves down into position, it can leave parts behind as it does this an cause inflammation
What is a fistula?
An opening between 2 epithelial surfaces
What is a brachial fistula?
When a brachial artery and cephalic vein connect
It causes recurrent infections so needs treatment
What is a ranula?
A cyst caused by obstruction of salivary gland ducts
What is an external angular dermoid?
Collections of ectodermal cells that build up because they’re trapped
Typically occurs around the eye
What is a cystic hygroma (Lymphangioma)?
A large cyst on the neck
Small ones will resolve by themselves
What is a haemangioma?
a stork bite
A benign vascular tumour that doesn’t need to be operated on unless is causes problems
