T2 - Final (Cumulative) Flashcards
What is the Pharmacists Patient care process?
A systematic, consistent process for delivering patient-centered care in any setting
What is collect in PPCP?
Collecting relevant subjective and objective information
What are we collecting in the PPCP?
- Complete medication list
- Medical history, lab results, physical
- Lifestyle
What is assess in the PPCP?
Identify and prioritize problems
What is plan in the PPCP?
Plan should be patient-centered and collaborative
What is implement in the PPCP?
Put the plan into action and collaborate with the patient
What is follow up in the PPCP?
Monitoring and evaluating
1. How are things going?
2. Is the plan effective
3. What changes should we make?
What is an open ended question?
- Asking who, what, where, why, and how
- Requires more than a yes or no
What is a closed-ended question?
- Will, can, do, and did
- Yes or No
What is the difference between open and closed questions?
Open: gathers info
Closed: clarifies info
How do we show professionalism during patient interviews?
- Dress
- Speech
- Timeliness
- 10%words, 30% sound, 60% body language
What are the 3Cs for successful patient interviewing?
- Character
- Chemistry
- Competence
How do we have character for patient interviews?
Establish trust by integrity, honesty, and reliability
How do we have chemistry for patient interviews?
Build rapport
How do we build rapport?
- Seek first to understand
- Use active listening
- Practice cooperation
How do we have competence for patient interviews?
Be prepared by being diligent, skilled, and taking initiative
How do we active listen?
Listen for:
1. content (information)
2. Intent (motivation)
3. Feeling (emotion)
Showing interest and reflecting back
What are the forms of active listening?
Verbal and nonverbal cues
What are some verbal cues?
- Remember
- Question
- Reflect
- Clarify
- Summarize
What are some non-verbal cues?
- Smile
- Eye contact
- Posture
- Mirroring
- Minimizing distractions
What are the 5 domains of emotional intelligence?
- Self-awareness
- Self-regulation
- Motivation
- Empathy
- Social skills
What is the Rx connection for self-awareness?
Our emotions impact out interactions with those around us
How can we be self-aware?
- Knowing your own emotions
- Recognizing feels as they happen
- Awareness of how your emotion and mood impact others
What is the Rx connection for self-regulation?
We can’t control others, only ourselves
How can we self-regulate?
- Managing your own emotions
- Ability to control emotions and behaviors and channel them in a positive, productive manner
How can we motivate?
- Use emotions to work toward a goal
- Self-motivation is a unifying trait of highly successful people
What is the Rx connection for motivation?
Our motivation impacts the quality of patient care provided
How can we practice empathy?
- Being attuned to social signals that indicate what people need or want
What is the Rx connection for empathy?
We serve patients best when we know what they need/want
How does social skills build EQ?
Managing emotions in others
What are the components of social skills?
- Organizing groups
- Negotiating solutions
- Personal connection
- Social analysis
What is organizing groups?
Coordinating the efforts of a network of people
What is negotiating solutions?
Preventing/resolving conflict, diplomacy
What is personal connection?
Recognizing and responding fittingly to other’s feelings and concerns
What is social analysis?
Detecting and have insights about other’s feelings, motives, and concerns
What is the Rx connection for social skills?
We use social skills to build good working relationships
What is empathy?
The capacity to understand another person’s experience from within that person’s frame of reference
What is motivational interviewing?
- an approach to counseling that helps people resolve their ambivalence about change
- Helping a patient through the changing process
When do we use MI?
- Smoking
- Physical inactivity
- Unhealthy eating habits
- Alcohol misuse
- Unsafe sexual behavior
- Poor self-care
What are the principles for MI?
- Express empathy
- Develop discrepancy
- Avoid argumentation
- Roll with resistance
- Support self-efficacy
How can we express empathy?
- Seek first to understand
- Focus on others, not self
How can we develop discrepancy?
- Use active listening
- Encourage goal setting
- Identify the pros and cons of change
How can we avoid argumentation?
- Recognize that defensiveness is a protective response
- Diffuse defensiveness
How can we roll with resistance?
- Remember that resistance is natural
- SHift your approach
- Affirm the patient’s autonomy
How can we support self-efficacy?
- Build the patient’s confidence
- Let the patient know you believe in them
- Offer the patient hope
What are the risk factors for suboptimal medications adherence?
- Mental status
- Difficult living conditions
- Substance abuse
- Language/culture/health beliefs
- Complex treatment
- Lack of transportation
- Physical handicaps
- Previous adherence history
- Disease state
- Ability to pay
What are the behavior interventions to improve adherence?
- Develop a routine
- Simplify the treatment regimen
- Minimize the cost
- Tailor the regimen
- Confirm administration technique
- Reward patient success
- Increase attention
- Enlist support of others
- Use adherence aids
- Use motivational interviewing
