T2 - Evolution of International Society Flashcards
Internatioanl Society?
-Any association of political communities (States) that accept: >Common rules >Diplomacy >Values >Order >Institutions >International Law
-Society can only live by common agenda.
International Society is the concept of which school of IR?
-The English School Approach to the IR has pioneered the term International Society.
(Also called liberal Realist)
-They have eloborated Intl Society by taking the model of European states relation.
How Hedley Bull eloborates International Society?
-A society of states come into existence when
>a group of states, concious of common interest and values,
>form a soceity in the sense that
>they concieve themselves bound by a common set of rules in their relation,
>and share in the working of common institutions.
Hedley Bull contribution in the development of historical narrative and theoritical perspective of English School Approach.
-Hedley Bull contributed and termed International anarchy,
>meaning that there exists no overarching authority over and above the states.
Criticism on Hedley Bull contribution in the development of historical narrative and theoritical perspective of English School Approach.
-Historical narrative and theoritical perspective of English School has been severly criticised on the account that
>they legitimize an oppressive and exploitative colonial and imperial order.
International System acc to realism?
-Acc to Thomas Hobbes
>Intl system created by states
>which are like billard balls on the table of intl arena
>they participate in the game of survival on this intl arena
.
International System acc Hedley Bull?
-A system of states (Intl System) formed when
>two or more states have sufficient contact between them, and
>have sufficient impact on one another’s decisions,
>to cause them behave as parts of a whole.
Core of English school eloboration of IR?
-Particular strand of IR theory maintains that
>There is a society of states at international level,
>Despite the condition of anarchy (Nonavailability of world govt)
=nor there is world govt, niether international justice system and there is no policing.
=states are soverign, they grant nothing above them
>they take themselves as superior entity
=In anarchy, world states creates intl society in reason to cooperate with each other
(e.g) through UN states interact
+English School of IR also known as
- liberal Realist
- Rationalist
- Grotaniatist
- British institutionalist=
A society, acc to English School, founded on which principle?
-Soverign equality V.s Non intervention
>all stand equal and should respect each other soverignity
>and not liable to interfere in each other’s matter
(e.g) UN law of sea, Law of Border, Rule of Diplomacy; institutions which have helped in creating intl society.
How the contemporary system of states can be called an international system?
-It can called coz
>over the past several centuries most of the forms of interaction b/w states have
>become regulated by laws, norms and institutions.
-Significant Rules are: >The non use of force. >Respect for the soverignity of other >non interference in their internal affairs >respect territorial integrity >de-legitimization of the right to conquest >trade laws >Respect for human rights
The society of states is analogous to a ___
-Analogouos to a Club:
>members who wish to join must demonstrate respect for its rules.
>Those who breaks them are subject to censure, sanctions and other forms of ostracism.
Development of historical narrative of international society’s association?
-Development of historical narrative of international society’s association is with:
>the emergence of the Eurpean Nation State system
>after the treaty of Westphalia in 1648
>European states formed an association of states referred to as a “Family of nations”.
>This family of nations has culminated in the contemporary international system,
>it becomes analogous to a club.
>societies which are outside of this club are deemed as uncivilized.
Early international societies?
-This idea not only restricted to Europe, it was always presents throughout the history
>free from time and space
>even in the time of Empires, this idea exists.
Early international societies In Ancient world?
-Early form of diplomacy and treatise existed in the ancient world:
>most notable example of intl society is form 700 BCE to
>the beiggining of Roman Era in the first centuary BCE
Early international societies In Ancient world?
GREECE
-The city states shared a common language and religion together
>institutions like the Olympic Games and the Delphic Oracle were designed to emphazise that unity.
-All city states placed high value on their independence,
>which enabled them to unite against the threat of Persian hegemony
Early international societies In Ancient world?
ROME
- Rome, when it was a republic, deal with its rival states on the basis of equality
- it acknowledged the set of norms know as ius gentium (law of nations).
Early international societies In Ancient world?
Christianity as an order
-Rome divided in 395 AD
>into eastern and western empires
-The Byzantine Empire (eastern), based at constantinople, survived and flourished
>but rising power of islam overthrew it in 1463.
-In west, papacy claimed to have inherited Rome’s supranational authority over
>the complex structure of sub-national, transnational and national entities that
>coexisted in medieval europe.
-The church constructed a legal order >comprising a system of sanctions >the use of arbitration >formal legal hearings >and numerous laws called CANON lAW that laid down by papal pronouncements.
Contribution of Ancient World’s Societies?
-All ancient societies formulated sets of moral and ethical principles
>relating to war which entered the intl discourse
>and are still relevent today
>they also influenced later attempt to devise international conventions aimed at limiting the horror of war.
Rise of Islamic order?
-Islam had profound implications for international politics
>even Muslims were oblidged to observe various moral principles.
-Due to internal breakdown of internal unity (Shia Sunni)
>islamic world accept to exist peacefully with unbelivers
-The two abodes ( Dar ul Harb and Dar ul Islam) developed commercial trade links.
Muslim-Chrisitian embracement example?
-Treaty of 1535
> king sultan sulayman of ottoman empire aligned with Francis I, king of france,
>against the Hapsburg Empire, powerful christian force of the time.
Which two corollaries related to rise of the state system contributed in the emergence of Modern International society?
-The state is an independent sovereign actor and enjoys legal supermacy over all non state actors,
>the status of the state give rise to the two logical corollaries:
-First,
>the legal equality of all states
-Second,
>The principle of non intervention by outside forces in the domestic affairs of states.
{the emergence of modern state was the key development}
Emergence of Modern International society?
a. (Peace of Westphalia)
-Peace of westphalia (1648) at the end of thirty year of war (1618-1648)
>hallmark in the contemporary international system
>Treaty estab right of German states to have their own diplomatic relations
>acknowledge their own sovereignty,
>Treaty accepted the sovereign equality of multiple state.
>The peace of westphalia has been seen as the very idea of a society of states.
Emergence of Modern International society?
b. (Treaty of Utrecht)
-Treaty of Utrecht of 1713
>incorparated the principle of balance of power formally
>which ended the war of spanish succession (1701-14)
>When a Just equillibrium of power was formally declared to be
>the best and most solid basis of mutual friendship and durable harmony.
Emergence of Modern International society?
b. (from 1648-1776)
-Some powers declined and other rose,
>Ottoman declined
>Britian and Russia rose
-core elements among all the players were to preserve
>their freedom
>mutual recognition of each others righ of existence
>reliance on the balance of power.
