T1L22 the association corticles and complex brain function

Question 1

hierarchy of sensory systems

Answer 1

receptors
>
thalamic relay nuclei
>
primary sensory cortex
>
secondary sensory cortex
>
association cortex

Question 2

association cortex

Answer 2

unimodal association areas (single modality)

multimodal association areas (multiple modalities)

multimodal sensory association areas project to multimodal motor association areas

Question 3

3 main multimodal association areas

Answer 3

1. posterior association areas (perception and language)
2. temporal association area (emotion, memory)
3. prefrontal association area (executive functions)

see s9,10

Question 4

damage to multimodal association areas result in

Answer 4

• personality changes
• long term planning and judgement changes
• working memory loss
• continuity of behavioural planning damaged
• anxiety

Question 5

information converges from ___ to __

Answer 5

information converges from unimodal to multimodal areas s13

Question 6

agnosia

and 2 types

Answer 6

inability to interpret sensations and hence to recognize things, typically as a result of brain damage

1. apperceptive- a failure in recognition that is due to a failure of perception.
2. associative agnosia - is a type of agnosia where perception occurs but recognition still does not occur.

Question 7

motor system

Answer 7

sequence of processing is reversed

frontal cortex

• individual neurons fire for a range of related behaviours so aren’t a specific motor responses,
• movement and complex actions result from patterns of firing of large motor networks of neurons in frontal lobe

premotor cortex
- generates motor programmes and the neurons are active during preparation of movement

motor cortex
- neurons fire to produce movement at specific joints

Question 8

specialised language areas in brain

Answer 8

s16

language- System by which sounds, symbols, and gestures used for communication process

language comes into brain through visual and auditory systems

motor system produces speech and writing

PROCESSING BETWEEN SENSORY AND MOTOR

one hemosphere is dominantly used for speech- tested using wada procedure

Question 9

aphasia

Answer 9

Aphasia: partial or complete loss of language abilities following brain damage, often without the loss of cognitive faculties or the ability to move the muscles used in speech

1. brocas motor aphasia
   - nonfluent aphasia. speech effortful and stilted
   Eric: I work as a fro…no…hotel..I mean…des. .
   you know…
2. wernickes aphasia- fluent speech, poor comprehension
   eg : I need to tell you something. You see, for past many days, everything so unclear, you see, I have to say, I went out, I got up, I felling, every go around but clamp. I try best.
3. aphasia in bilinguals- order, fluency, use of language

Question 10

split brain studies

Answer 10

where hemispheres are divided

s22 p interesting tbf